低温环境下电池热管理的实验研究

李耀辉; 刘璐璐; 周守军; 田永生; 王驰骋; 汪嘉一

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20260628

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低温环境下电池热管理的实验研究

其他 | 更新时间：2026-06-22

- 低温环境下电池热管理的实验研究
- Experimental study on battery thermal management in low-temperature environments
- 化工学报 2026年
- 作者机构：
  
  山东建筑大学热能工程学院，山东济南 250101
- 作者简介：
  
  李耀辉（2003—），男，硕士研究生，lyh1736648039@163.com
  田永生（1986—），男，博士，讲师，tianyongsheng18@sdjzu.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  山东建筑大学博士基金项目(XNBS1837)
- DOI：10.11949/0438-1157.20260628
  中图分类号： TK 124
- 收稿：2026-05-04，
  
  修回：2026-06-19，
  
  录用：2026-06-22，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
李耀辉, 刘璐璐, 周守军, 等. 低温环境下电池热管理的实验研究[J/OL]. 化工学报, 2026.

LI Yaohui, LIU Lulu, ZHOU Shoujun, et al. Experimental study on battery thermal management in low-temperature environments[J/OL]. CIESC Journal, 2026.
李耀辉, 刘璐璐, 周守军, 等. 低温环境下电池热管理的实验研究[J/OL]. 化工学报, 2026. DOI： 10.11949/0438-1157.20260628.

LI Yaohui, LIU Lulu, ZHOU Shoujun, et al. Experimental study on battery thermal management in low-temperature environments[J/OL]. CIESC Journal, 2026. DOI： 10.11949/0438-1157.20260628.

摘要

针对锂离子电池低温环境下电化学性能衰减及析锂风险，构建基于复合相变材料（CPCM）与“四段式”烧结热管耦合的模拟电池热管理实验系统。在不同放电倍率（1C、2C、3C）及环境温度（-5℃、-10℃、-15℃）下，测试系统的高温散热、低温静置保温及预热性能。结果表明：放电阶段各倍率下电池最高温度均未超过45℃；低温静置阶段，高倍率放电后CPCM发生明显相变，显著延缓电池降温。热管传热方向逆转导致电池降温速度快于CPCM，形成明显温差。预热实验中，35℃为最佳预热温度，继续升温缩短时间有限但能耗增加。对比纯热管系统，由于PCM未达23℃相变温度，仅提供有限显热缓冲，对升降温速率影响不显著。该耦合系统在不同放电倍率及低温环境下均表现出良好的控温与保温能力。

Abstract

To address the electrochemical performance degradation and lithium plating risks of lithium-ion batteries operating in low-temperature environments

a battery thermal management simulation experimental system coupled with composite phase change materials (CPCMs) and four-stage sintered heat pipes was established. The high-temperature heat dissipation

low-temperature static thermal insulation

and preheating performances of the system were tested under various discharge rates (1C

and 3C) and ambient temperatures (−5 ℃

−10 ℃

and −15 ℃). The experimental results indicate that the maximum battery temperature remains below 45 ℃ at all tested discharge rates during the discharging process. In the low-temperature static stage

the CPCM undergoes substantial phase transition after high-rate discharge

which effectively delays the battery temperature drop. The reversed heat transfer direction of the heat pipes accelerates the battery cooling rate compared with the CPCM

resulting in a notable temperature difference between them. Preheating experiments verify that 35 ℃ is the optimal preheating temperature. Further temperature elevation only achieves a marginal reduction in preheating time while increasing energy consumption. In comparison with the pure heat pipe system

the PCM with a phase transition temperature of 23 ℃ fails to reach its phase change state under the working conditions

providing only limited sensible heat buffering and exerting no significant influence on heating and cooling rates. The proposed coupled system demonstrates excellent temperature regulation and thermal insulation performance across different discharge rates and low-temperature operating conditions.

关键词

Keywords

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