In the present work

ternary Ni-W-P deposits with different tungsten content were prepared by varying sodium tungstate concentration in electroless plating. Studies on phase transformation behavior carried out by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that Ni-W-P deposits exhibited higher thermostability and activation energy with the increase of W composition. Further fouling experiments indicated the surfaces of Ni-W-P deposits with different W content inhibited the adhesion of fouling compared with the mild steel surface. However

there is not necessarily a relationship between the fouling adhesion rate and surface roughness or free energy of the ternary Ni-W-P deposits

but is intimately related to the W content.