Three sulfonate sodium-containing Gemini surfactants

6

6'-(propane-1

3-diylbis(oxy)) bis(3-nonenzenesulfonate sodium) (9B-3-9B)

6

6'-(butane-1

4-diylbis(oxy)) bis(3-nonylbenzenesulfonic sodium) (9B-4-9B) and 6

6'-(pentane-1

5-diylbis(oxy)) bis(3-nonylbenzenesulfonate sodium) (9B-5-9B)

were synthesized through two-step reaction using nonylphenol (NP)

1

3-dibromopropane

1

4-dibromobutane

1

5-dibromopentane and chloro sulfonic acid as main starting materials. The influence of reaction temperature and time on the yields of 9B-m-9B was studied. The structures of 9B-m-9B were characterized by FTIR

1H NMR and elemental analysis

and their abilities to lower water surface tension were also evaluated by surface tension measurement. The yields were 59.94%

65.27% and 53.91% for 9B-3-9B

9B-4-9B and 9B-5-9B

respectively

when the reaction condition was at 0℃ for 6 h. Three synthesized surfactants 9B-m-9B (m=3

4

5) showed surface properties superior to conventional monomeric surfactant sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS)

and their critical micelle concentrations (CMC) were 0.14

0.11 and 0.12 mmol·L-1

gCMC were 29.43

29.26 and 28.22 mN·m-1 for 9B-m-9B(m=3

4

5)

respectively.