泄漏引发液体过热爆沸机理及规律研究

时事成; 王苏盼; 潘旭海; 马煜衡; 蒋军成

doi:10.11949/j.issn.0438-1157.20190617

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泄漏引发液体过热爆沸机理及规律研究

过程安全 | 更新时间：2026-07-24

- 泄漏引发液体过热爆沸机理及规律研究
- Study on mechanism and law of liquid overheating and explosive boiling caused by leakage
- 化工学报 2019年70卷第10期页码：4089-4098
- 作者机构：
  
  1.南京工业大学安全科学与工程学院，江苏南京 211816
  2.南京工业大学火灾与消防研究所，江苏南京 211816
  3.江苏省危险化学品本质安全与控制技术重点实验室，江苏南京 211816
- 作者简介：
  
  时事成（1995—），男，硕士研究生,997445542@qq.com
  潘旭海（1977—），男，博士，教授, xuhaipan@njtech.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0804700;2016YFC0800100)
- DOI：10.11949/j.issn.0438-1157.20190617
  中图分类号： X 933
- 收稿：2019-06-02，
  
  修回：2019-08-07，
  
  网络首发：2026-07-24，
  
  纸质出版：2019-10-05
- 稿件说明：
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时事成, 王苏盼, 潘旭海, 马煜衡, 蒋军成. 泄漏引发液体过热爆沸机理及规律研究[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70(10): 4089-4098

SHI Shicheng, WANG Supan, PAN Xuhai, MA Yuheng, JIANG Juncheng. Study on mechanism and law of liquid overheating and explosive boiling caused by leakage[J]. CIESC Journal, 2019, 70(10): 4089-4098
时事成, 王苏盼, 潘旭海, 马煜衡, 蒋军成. 泄漏引发液体过热爆沸机理及规律研究[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70(10): 4089-4098 DOI： 10.11949/j.issn.0438-1157.20190617.

SHI Shicheng, WANG Supan, PAN Xuhai, MA Yuheng, JIANG Juncheng. Study on mechanism and law of liquid overheating and explosive boiling caused by leakage[J]. CIESC Journal, 2019, 70(10): 4089-4098 DOI： 10.11949/j.issn.0438-1157.20190617.

摘要

为探究储罐泄漏引发液体过热爆沸的机理及规律，实验建立了小型装置，对爆沸过程中的气泡演化、压力及介质过热度响应进行研究。根据介质过热度的变化特征，提出表征沸腾延时程度的参数——过热时间，并建立相应描述过热时间的数学模型。实验结果表明，容器破裂后，大量气泡于介质内部产生并迅速成长，其成长可分为相对稳定阶段与加速成长阶段，而后引起明显的压力反弹。整个沸腾自上而下、自内壁向介质内部进行，且介质经历过冷—饱和—过热—饱和—过冷的循环过程。此外，实验发现初始压力的升高或初始液位的降低，都会使介质达到的最大过热度提高，尤其是50%初始液位时其介质最大过热度高达9.4℃。而随着初始压力或初始液位的升高，过热时间呈明显降低趋势，且初始液位升高时还会引起更明显的压力反弹。基于实验数据，对过热时间数学模型进行验证，结果表明数学模型计算结果和实验数据基本吻合。

Abstract

To explore the mechanism and law of liquid superheating and boiling caused by tank leakage

a small device was established to study the bubble evolution

pressure and medium superheat response during the bumping process. Upon the typical features of medium superheat degree

overheat time was further introduced to characterize the delay degree of boiling. The results show that a large number of bubbles were generated and grew rapidly in the medium after the vessel rupture. Bubble-growth process could be divided into a relatively stable stage and an accelerated stage

and the obvious pressure recovery was attributed to the accelerated growth of bubbles. According to the response of temperature sensors in the medium

the boiling occurred and spread from top to bottom and from the inner wall to the inside of the medium. And the medium underwent a cycle of supercoiling—saturation—superheat—saturation—supercooling during boiling. In addition

it was found that the increase of initial pressure and the decrease of initial liquid level could both improve the maximum superheat degree of medium

especially a maximum superheat of 9. 4℃ with the initial liquid level of 50%. What’s more

the ascent of the initial pressure or the initial liquid level also hold a significant lower overheat time. And the rise of the initial liquid level would contribute to a more serious rebound phenomena of pressure. On the basis of the overheat time obtained by experiments

the mathematical model of the overheat time was also verified. The results showed that the calculation of the mathematical model was basically consistent with the experimental data.

关键词

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