In the solid-solid mixing pyrolytic process

the ash or bed material may influence the pyrolytic behaviors of the oil shale.Thus

pyrolysis of oil shale mixed with four metal oxides Al2O3

MgO

CaO and Fe2O3 were investigated.The results showed that CaO had a strong influence to the yields of products

and particularly promotes the formations of shale oil and char

while decreases the yield of gas product.On the contrary

Al2O3 in acidic property can most distinctly promote the devolatilization of oil shale with an augmented yields of shale oil

water and gas products.Comparatively

the effects of MgO and Fe2O3 to product yields were much weaker.All of the four metal oxides can promote the formation of H2

CH4 and C2 hydrocarbons.The content of CO2 decreased extremely for CaO

while all other metal oxides played promoting role to the formation of CO2.H2 and CH4 can be most distinctly increased for Fe2O3 and Al2O3

respectively.The content of aromatics in shale oil can be augmented by all of the four metal oxides and the effect of Fe2O3 was most significant.For the components of chain hydrocarbons

the short-chain (C6-C12) alkanes and alkenes were promoted for both of CaO and MgO

while only the short-chain alkanes were increased under the effect of Al2O3.It was deduced that the alkalinic CaO and MgO firstly reacted with the fatty acids of the organic matters

forming a fatty acid salt.Then

a decarboxylating step was followed in the way of releasing CaCO3

simultaneously generating intermediates that could be converted to both of alkanes and alkenes.However

under the acidic Al2O3

the decarboxylation product was CO2

determined a prevalent alkane product.