In recent years

anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox)

a new technology for nitrogen removal

has been used in the treatment of high-strength ammonia wastewater due to its low energy consumption and high treatment efficiency. Whereas

the accumulation of nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) often occurs in full-scale Anammox process

leading to the accumulation of nitrate and deterioration of nitrogen removal effectiveness. In two-stage Anammox processes

NOB accumulation often occurs in partial nitritation stage

the inhibition of which has been discussed in details. While in one-stage Anammox process

NOB accumulation is more common and fatal due to the complexity brought by the coexistence of functional bacteria like ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB)

NOB

anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) and denitrifiers. It has been reported that NOB could be effectively suppressed in the one-stage Anammox process by some methods

e.g. regulating dissolved oxygen

altering the free ammonia and free nitrous acid concentration

adjusting carbon source and adding externally intermediate products (N2H4

NO

NH2OH)

etc. The regulation methods mentioned above are systematically introduced on the basis of previous reports. Moreover

in practical Anammox crafts

the inhibitory methods should be conducted according to the specific operational conditions

and thus the available methods are further discussed.