Abandoning the pure smooth assumption of particles in classical kinetic theory of granular flow

this work established a kinetic theory model for rough granular and provided relevant constitutive correlations with approximate solutions by considering both opposite and tangential components force of the rough granular. Combined with the gasification model of coal powders

the flow-reaction process of coal powders was simulated in a bubbling fluidized bed and the time-average velocity and particle concentration distributions with rough granular were obtained in the bed. The simulated fluctuating energy and heterogeneity of rough granular in the fluidized bed increased compared with the simulated results of the smooth particles. The concentration of gas components obtained in the simulation agreed well with the experimental data in the literature.