This study was conducted on one-dimensional seepage in saturated porous media fixed on packed bed columns to investigate the fate of graphene oxide (GO) in the subsurface environment. In the present experiments

the fate of grapheme oxide (GO) was investigated as a function of cations composition (sodium absorption ratios

SAR) at 10 mmol·L-1 constant ionic strength (IS). To analyze the migration deposition mechanism of GO

the deposition kinetics curve was determined by mathematical model and interface chemistry theory. When SAR increased from zero to ∞

maximum effluent concentration of sand columns and recovery of GO increased

however

deposition rate

removal efficiency and attachment efficiency of the breakthrough experiments decreased respectively from 0.356 min-1 to 0.039 min-1 、1.04×10-2 to 1.1×10-3 and 0.054 to 0.003. Accordingly

it was proposed that Brownian diffusion was the major mechanism which resulted in contacting between GO particles and quartz sand particles

and the change of Ca2+ concentration was the predominant factor which caused GO different migration behavior at different SAR. The charge neutralization and bridging between Ca2+ and GO could be responsible for the balance of electrostatic repulsion and attraction between the particles

which affected the size and shape of GO particles and strengthened the retention effect of sand column on GO.