典型杂质对熔盐高温腐蚀的影响机理与控制

李佳; 李琦; 丁博凯; 陈程磊; 郭嘉俊; 吴玉庭

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20260644

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典型杂质对熔盐高温腐蚀的影响机理与控制

综述与专论 | 更新时间：2026-06-20

- 典型杂质对熔盐高温腐蚀的影响机理与控制
- Impact mechanisms and control of typical impurities on high-temperature corrosion in molten salts
- 化工学报 2026年
- 作者机构：
  
  北京工业大学机械与能源工程学院，北京100124
- 作者简介：
  
  李佳（2003—），女，硕士研究生，LiJia@emails.bjut.edu.cn
  李琦（1987—），女，博士，副教授，liqi@bjut.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发计划项目(2025YFE0121000)
- DOI：10.11949/0438-1157.20260644
  中图分类号： TQ050.4
- 收稿：2026-05-09，
  
  修回：2026-06-19，
  
  录用：2026-06-20，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
李佳, 李琦, 丁博凯, 等. 典型杂质对熔盐高温腐蚀的影响机理与控制[J/OL]. 化工学报, 2026.

LI Jia, LI Qi, DING Bokai, et al. Impact mechanisms and control of typical impurities on high-temperature corrosion in molten salts[J/OL]. CIESC Journal, 2026.
李佳, 李琦, 丁博凯, 等. 典型杂质对熔盐高温腐蚀的影响机理与控制[J/OL]. 化工学报, 2026. DOI： 10.11949/0438-1157.20260644.

LI Jia, LI Qi, DING Bokai, et al. Impact mechanisms and control of typical impurities on high-temperature corrosion in molten salts[J/OL]. CIESC Journal, 2026. DOI： 10.11949/0438-1157.20260644.

摘要

熔盐是光热发电与第四代核反应堆的核心介质，但其腐蚀问题制约系统长周期安全运行。区别于被动防护，研究聚焦从熔盐纯度调控入手的主动防腐策略。针对氟化盐、氯化盐、硝酸盐及碳酸盐体系，系统分析了含氢含氧、阴离子、金属阳离子及碳/氮等有机物残留四类杂质的腐蚀诱导机制。结果表明，杂质通过改变氧化还原电位、破坏钝化层及参与多价态电子转移循环等途径，显著加速材料剥落与晶间腐蚀。研究发现，杂质的致蚀作用与熔盐体系之间存在双向敏感差异：一方面，同种杂质在不同的熔盐体系中所诱发的腐蚀机理具有高度选择性；另一方面，各熔盐体系对特定杂质的控制阈值也存在严格的绝对界限。据此，提出了涵盖源头纯化、组分选择性保留与原位碱度调控三个环节的协同控制策略。该综述可为高纯度、低腐蚀熔盐的制备及工业应用提供理论支撑。

Abstract

Molten salts are critical media for concentrated solar power and fourth-generation advanced nuclear reactors

yet severe corrosion restricts their long-term safe operation. Unlike passive protection

this study explores an active anti-corrosion strategy focused on molten salt purity regulation. The corrosion induction mechanisms of four typical impurities—hydrogen/oxygen-containing species

anionic impurities

metallic cations

and organic residues—were systematically analyzed across fluorides

chlorides

nitrates

and carbonates. Results indicate that these impurities accelerate material spalling and intergranular corrosion by shifting redox potentials

compromising passivation layers

and participating in multi-valence electron transfer cycles. A bidirectional sensitivity difference between the corrosion effects of impurities and molten salt systems is identified: on the one hand

the corrosion pathways induced by the same impurity are highly selective across different molten salts; on the other hand

there are strict absolute boundaries in the tolerance thresholds of various systems to specific impurities Consequently

a synergistic control strategy is proposed

encompassing source purification

selective component retention

and in-situ alkalinity regulation. This review provides theoretical and engineering guidance for the development of high-purity

low-corrosivity molten salts and their industrial applications.

关键词

Keywords

references

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