废塑料热解回收技术研究进展

周奕帆; 冯长瑞; 王忠德; 郝晓刚; 阿布里提·阿卜杜拉; 官国清

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20260630

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废塑料热解回收技术研究进展

综述与专论 | 更新时间：2026-08-28

- 废塑料热解回收技术研究进展
- Recent advances in plastic waste pyrolysis and recovery technologies
- 化工学报 2026年
- 作者机构：
  
  1.日本国弘前大学理工学研究科，青森弘前 036-8560
  2.湖北师范大学化学化工学院，湖北黄石 435002
  3.太原理工大学化工学院，山西太原030024
- 作者简介：
  
  周奕帆（1998—），男，博士研究生，h24ds202@hirosaki-u.ac.jp
  冯长瑞（1997—），女，博士，讲师，fengcr@hbnu.edu.cn
  官国清（1968—），男，博士，教授，guan@hirosaki-u.ac.jp
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.11949/0438-1157.20260630
  中图分类号： TQ 028.8
- 收稿：2026-05-07，
  
  修回：2026-08-27，
  
  录用：2026-08-28，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
周奕帆, 冯长瑞, 王忠德, 等. 废塑料热解回收技术研究进展[J/OL]. 化工学报, 2026.

ZHOU Yifan, FENG Changrui, WANG Zhongde, et al. Recent advances in plastic waste pyrolysis and recovery technologies[J/OL]. CIESC Journal, 2026.
周奕帆, 冯长瑞, 王忠德, 等. 废塑料热解回收技术研究进展[J/OL]. 化工学报, 2026. DOI： 10.11949/0438-1157.20260630.

ZHOU Yifan, FENG Changrui, WANG Zhongde, et al. Recent advances in plastic waste pyrolysis and recovery technologies[J/OL]. CIESC Journal, 2026. DOI： 10.11949/0438-1157.20260630.

摘要

废弃塑料大量累积已成为制约生态环境治理、碳资源循环利用和石化原料安全的重要问题，发展高效、可持续的热解回收技术具有重要意义。本文围绕废塑料热解回收过程中的反应器、催化剂和共热解技术展开综述，并结合工程放大、技术经济分析和生命周期评价讨论其产业化适用边界。分析表明，废塑料热解过程优化不能仅以油产率或单次转化率作为评价标准，而应综合考虑原料组成、传热与停留时间、催化剂酸性位和孔结构、金属/氧化物界面、催化剂寿命及产品替代路径。反应器方面，固定床和间歇/半间歇装置适合机理研究和催化剂初筛，流化床、喷动床和回转窑更有利于连续化和规模化处理，螺旋反应器和微波/射频反应器则分别面向分布式处理和特殊能量输入强化。催化剂方面，沸石、FCC催化剂、金属氧化物和黏土类催化剂在裂化、芳构化、脱氧、脱氯和抗积炭方面表现出不同优势，但其性能高度依赖塑料类型、反应气氛和产物目标。共热解方面，生物质、低阶煤和废轮胎可分别通过供氢、自由基稳定、矿物催化和芳构化等作用改善产物组成，但协同效应应通过实验值与理论加权值的偏差进行定量评价。未来研究应由单点反应性能提升转向反应器连续化、催化剂循环再生、复杂原料分级、热解油标准化以及TEA/LCA耦合评价，以推动废塑料热解由实验室可行性向工程化和低碳化应用转变。

Abstract

The massive accumulation of plastic waste has emerged as a major challenge that severely restrict the ecological environmental management

carbon resource recycling

and petrochemical feedstock security

making the development of highly efficient and sustainable pyrolysis-based recycling technologies significant. This review focuses on the reactors

catalysts and co-pyrolysis in waste plastic pyrolysis

and further discusses its industrial applicability through integrating scale-up

techno-economic analysis (TEA)

and life cycle assessment (LCA). The analysis indicates that the waste plastic pyrolysis process optimization not only bases on the oil yield or single-pass conversion as the evaluation criterion

but also should take feedstock composition

heat transfer and residence time

acidity and pore architecture of catalysts

metal/oxide interfaces

catalyst lifetime

and product substitution routes into consideration together. Regarding the reactor

fixed-bed and batch/semi-batch reactors are suitable for mechanistic investigation and catalyst screening

whereas fluidized-bed

spouted-bed

and rotary kiln reactors are conducive to continuous and large-scale treatment. Auger reactors and microwave/radiofrequency reactors are more relevant to distributed treatment and special energy-input intensification

respectively. On the catalyst aspect

zeolites

FCC catalysts

metal oxides

and clay catalysts demonstrate diverse advantages in cracking

aromatization

deoxygenation

dechlorination

and coke resistance

but their performance strongly depends on plastic type

reaction atmosphere

and target products. In co-pyrolysis

biomass

low-rank coal

and waste tires can improve product composition through hydrogen donation

radical stabilization

mineral catalysis

and aromatization. However

the synergistic effect should be should be quantitatively evaluated by the deviation between the experimental value and the theoretical weighted value. Future researches should shift from single-performance improvement to continuous reactors

catalyst regeneration

feedstock classification

pyrolysis oil standardization

and TEA/LCA integrated evaluation

thereby promoting the transition of waste plastic pyrolysis from laboratory feasibility to engineered and low-carbon applications.

关键词

Keywords

references

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