地热系统化学除垢技术研究进展与发展趋势

李娜; 刘保磊; 马鹏鹏; 高英格

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20260618

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地热系统化学除垢技术研究进展与发展趋势

综述与专论 | 更新时间：2026-07-16

- 地热系统化学除垢技术研究进展与发展趋势
- Advances and trends in chemical descaling technology for geothermal systems
- 化工学报 2026年
- 作者机构：
  
  1.长江大学石油工程学院，湖北武汉 430100
  2.低碳催化与二氧化碳利用全国重点实验室（长江大学），湖北武汉 430100
  3.油气资源与勘探技术教育部重点实验室（长江大学），湖北武汉 430100
  4.油气钻采工程湖北省重点实验室（长江大学），湖北武汉 430100
  5.中国石化集团新星石油有限责任公司，北京 100083
  6.中石化（北京）新能源技术研究院有限公司，北京 100083
  7.深层地热富集机理与高效开发全国重点实验室，北京 100083
- 作者简介：
  
  李娜（2003—），女，硕士研究生，2752398258@qq.com
  刘保磊（1982—），男，博士，教授，baoleiliu@yangtzeu.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金面上项目(52174019);国家科技重大专项(2025ZD1405902);国家科技重大专项(2025ZD1406407);国家科技重大专项(2025ZD1407501)
- DOI：10.11949/0438-1157.20260618
  中图分类号： P 314;TK 268.⁺2
- 收稿：2026-04-30，
  
  修回：2026-07-10，
  
  录用：2026-07-13，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
李娜, 刘保磊, 马鹏鹏, 等. 地热系统化学除垢技术研究进展与发展趋势[J/OL]. 化工学报, 2026.

LI Na, LIU Baolei, MA Pengpeng, et al. Advances and trends in chemical descaling technology for geothermal systems[J/OL]. CIESC Journal, 2026.
李娜, 刘保磊, 马鹏鹏, 等. 地热系统化学除垢技术研究进展与发展趋势[J/OL]. 化工学报, 2026. DOI： 10.11949/0438-1157.20260618.

LI Na, LIU Baolei, MA Pengpeng, et al. Advances and trends in chemical descaling technology for geothermal systems[J/OL]. CIESC Journal, 2026. DOI： 10.11949/0438-1157.20260618.

摘要

地热系统结垢问题严重影响运行效率与经济性。化学除垢虽能彻底除垢，但面临腐蚀、二次沉淀及复合垢处理难等挑战。系统梳理了地热系统主要垢型（碳酸盐、硫酸盐、硅酸盐、硫化物及铁垢）的形成机制与分布特征，阐述了酸化溶解、碱性溶解及螯合溶解三类化学除垢原理，并总结了各类垢型的化学除垢技术进展：除碳酸盐垢以盐酸为主、有机酸与螯合剂为补充；硫酸盐垢以螯合溶解为核心，碱性溶解（转化协同）可提升除垢效率；硅酸盐垢的碱性-螯合溶解正逐步替代含氟酸溶解；复合垢通过酸基复配、碱性螯合体系及弱碱性多功能协同等多组分配方实现高效除垢。未来技术将向绿色环保型除垢剂、精准化复合垢配方设计及除垢-防垢一体化方向发展。

Abstract

Scaling in geothermal systems severely compromises operational efficiency and economic viability. Although chemical descaling offers complete removal

it still faces challenges such as corrosion

secondary precipitation

and difficulties in treating complex composite scales. This review systematically outlines the formation mechanisms and distribution characteristics of major scale types in geothermal systems

including carbonates

sulfates

silicates

sulfides

and iron-based scales. Three fundamental chemical descaling principles—acid dissolution

alkaline dissolution

and chelation dissolution—are elaborated

and the technical progress for each scale type is summarized. Specifically

hydrochloric acid remains the primary agent for carbonate scale removal

supplemented by organic acids and chelating agents. For sulfate scales

chelation dissolution is the core technology

and alkaline dissolution (via conversion synergy) can further enhance removal efficiency. For silicate scales

alkaline‑chelation dissolution is gradually replacing traditional fluoride‑based acid methods. Composite scales are effectively removed through multi-component formulations such as acid‑based blends

alkaline chelation systems

and weakly alkaline multifunctional synergistic systems. Future technologies are expected to evolve toward environmentally friendly descaling agents

precise formulation design for composite scales

and integrated descaling‑anti‑scaling strategies.

关键词

Keywords

references

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