中国合成氨行业碳-能-水足迹研究

刘福星; 李俊杰; 陈雨佳; 宋鑫峂; 曹颖; 裴亮; 闫雨龙; 彭林

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20260494

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中国合成氨行业碳-能-水足迹研究

能源和环境工程 | 更新时间：2026-05-21

- 中国合成氨行业碳-能-水足迹研究
- Research on carbon-energy-water footprints of China’s ammonia synthesis industry
- 化工学报 2026年
- 作者机构：
  
  北京交通大学碳中和与环境学院，智能交通绿色低碳技术教育部工程研究中心，北京 100044
  2.北京交通大学碳中和与环境学院，碳评估重点实验室国家铁路局铁路行业科技创新基地，北京 100044
  3.新疆干旱区环境污染与生态修复重点实验室，中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所，新疆乌鲁木齐 830063
- 作者简介：
  
  刘福星（2002—），男，硕士研究生，24126632@bjtu.edu.cn
  李俊杰（1989—），男，博士，副教授，jjli1@bjtu.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3709500);国家自然科学基金项目(42475181)
- DOI：10.11949/0438-1157.20260494
  中图分类号： TQ 028.8
- 收稿：2026-04-10，
  
  修回：2026-05-18，
  
  录用：2026-05-19，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
刘福星, 李俊杰, 陈雨佳, 等. 中国合成氨行业碳-能-水足迹研究[J/OL]. 化工学报, 2026.

LIU Fuxing, LI Junjie, CHEN Yujia, et al. Research on carbon-energy-water footprints of China’s ammonia synthesis industry[J/OL]. CIESC Journal, 2026.
刘福星, 李俊杰, 陈雨佳, 等. 中国合成氨行业碳-能-水足迹研究[J/OL]. 化工学报, 2026. DOI： 10.11949/0438-1157.20260494.

LIU Fuxing, LI Junjie, CHEN Yujia, et al. Research on carbon-energy-water footprints of China’s ammonia synthesis industry[J/OL]. CIESC Journal, 2026. DOI： 10.11949/0438-1157.20260494.

摘要

合成氨是粮食安全基石，我国煤制合成氨占比超75%，其高碳排放、高能耗、高水耗引发广泛关注。现有研究多聚焦于不同原料路线制合成氨的碳足迹（CF）对比，但对碳-能-水足迹的综合分析不足，且未系统揭示技术升级与规模扩张对煤制合成氨碳-能-水足迹的影响机制。本研究构建了合成氨生产的碳-能-水足迹分析框架，基于181家企业运行数据系统评估13种原料（煤、焦炉气、天然气）-技术（气流床、流化床、固定床）-规模（大、中、小）组合的碳-能-水足迹差异。结果表明，焦炉气-中型组合环境表现最优，其CF（0.92 t CO

-eq/t）和水足迹（WF）（4.39 m

/t）仅为煤-固定床-小型组合的10.4%和12.4%，但能源足迹（EF）（21.86 GJ/t）介于天然气-中型和天然气-大型之间。研究结果为煤制合成氨行业推进固定床向气流床升级、装置规模化、分区精准管控及低碳原料路线（焦炉气、天然气）推广提供量化依据，支撑碳-能-水协同减排。

Abstract

Ammonia serves as the cornerstone of food security. In China

coal-based ammonia synthesis accounts for over 75% of the total production

and its high carbon emissions

high energy consumption

and high water consumption have attracted widespread attention. Existing research has mostly focused on comparing the carbon footprints (CF) of ammonia synthesis via different feedstock routes

but there is a lack of comprehensive analysis on the carbon-energy-water footprint. Moreover

the impact mechanisms of technological upgrading and scale expansion on the carbon-energy-water footprint of coal-based ammonia synthesis have not been systematically revealed. This study constructs a carbon-energy-water footprint analysis framework for ammonia production

and systematically evaluates the differences in carbon-energy-water footprints among 13 feedstock-technology-scale combinations (including coal

coke oven gas

natural gas; entrained-flow bed

fluidized bed

fixed bed; large

medium

and small scales) based on the operational data of 181 enterprises. The results show that the medium-scale coke oven gas combination exhibits the optimal environmental performance. Its carbon footprint (CF

0.92 t CO₂-eq/t) and water footprint (WF

4.39 m³/t) are only 10.4% and 12.4% of those of the small-scale coal-fixed bed combination

respectively

while the energy footprint (EF

21.86 GJ/t) is between that of the medium-scale and large-scale natural gas combinations. The research findings provide a quantitative basis for the coal-to-ammonia industry to promote the upgrading from fixed-bed to entrained-bed technologies

large-scale installation development

zoned precise regulation

and the popularization of low-carbon raw material routes (coke oven gas

natural gas)

and support the coordinated reduction of carbon

energy and water footprints.

关键词

Keywords

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