海上制氢工艺系统与过程安全研究进展

汪侃; 刘姿妤; 徐思源; 时婷婷

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20260466

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海上制氢工艺系统与过程安全研究进展

综述与专论 | 更新时间：2026-07-22

- 海上制氢工艺系统与过程安全研究进展
- Advances in offshore hydrogen production process systems and process safety
- 化工学报 2026年
- 作者机构：
  
  1.上海海事大学商船学院，上海 201306
  2.国家电投氢能科技发展有限公司电堆产品事业部，北京 102600
- 作者简介：
  
  汪侃（1986—），男，博士，副教授，wangk@shmtu.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金项目(52001196);上海市“科技创新行动计划”自然科学基金面上项目(24ZR1428000)
- DOI：10.11949/0438-1157.20260466
  中图分类号： TQ 086
- 收稿：2026-04-03，
  
  修回：2026-07-21，
  
  录用：2026-07-22，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
汪侃, 刘姿妤, 徐思源, 等. 海上制氢工艺系统与过程安全研究进展[J/OL]. 化工学报, 2026.

WANG Kan, LIU Ziyu, XU Siyuan, et al. Advances in offshore hydrogen production process systems and process safety[J/OL]. CIESC Journal, 2026.
汪侃, 刘姿妤, 徐思源, 等. 海上制氢工艺系统与过程安全研究进展[J/OL]. 化工学报, 2026. DOI： 10.11949/0438-1157.20260466.

WANG Kan, LIU Ziyu, XU Siyuan, et al. Advances in offshore hydrogen production process systems and process safety[J/OL]. CIESC Journal, 2026. DOI： 10.11949/0438-1157.20260466.

摘要

海上制氢系统涉及风电供能、海水预处理、电解制氢、氢能储存及运输等多个工艺环节，其工艺流程的紧密关联性与复杂海洋环境持续扰动作用，使海上制氢过程安全呈现多源风险叠加和动态演化特征，成为海上氢能规模化发展的关键制约因素。本文围绕海上制氢工艺系统全过程安全问题，梳理了制氢动力供给、海水淡化处理、电解反应过程及氢能储运等环节的工艺流程、失效机理及风险演化规律，构建了覆盖设备、单元和系统等尺度的多层级安全认知框架。本文重点分析了风-浪-流耦合作用、高盐雾高湿腐蚀环境、波动性可再生能源输入以及海洋极端气象条件对海上制氢过程安全的影响机制，揭示了工艺扰动、设备失效与环境载荷共同影响下的风险传递、放大及演化路径。研究表明，海上制氢过程安全具有显著的多尺度耦合、时变非线性及不确定性传播特征，传统基于静态假设的安全评价方法难以全面表征复杂海洋工况下系统风险演化过程。结果表明，海上制氢工艺过程风险来源于材料腐蚀与氢脆失效、电解过程副反应竞争、气体交叉渗透、热失稳以及储运系统多场耦合等机制。面向海上制氢过程本质安全，需综合考虑耐腐蚀与抗氢脆材料、电解过程调控、高效密封与隔膜优化以及氢能储运安全等关键技术，融合物理模型与数据驱动的评估手段能兼顾风险分析与预测能力。现有海上制氢标准体系仍缺乏针对多技术融合和复杂海洋环境条件的一体化规范，亟需构建覆盖设计、建造、运行、维护及退役全过程的安全标准体系，为海上制氢工艺系统发展提供安全保障。

Abstract

Offshore hydrogen production system involves multiple integrated processes

including offshore wind power supply

seawater pretreatment

hydrogen production

storage

and transportation. Strong interdependence among these processes

coupled with continuous disturbances from marine environments

results in multi-source risk interactions and dynamic risk evolution

thereby becoming a critical constraint for large-scale deployment of offshore hydrogen energy. This study investigates process safety issues throughout lifecycle of offshore hydrogen production system. The process configurations

failure mechanisms

and risk evolution characteristics associated with power supply

seawater desalination and treatment

electrolysis processes

and hydrogen storage and transportation are addressed

and a multilevel safety cognition framework covering equipment

process units

and system scales is established. The impacts of wind-wave-current environmental loads

high-salinity and high-humidity environments

fluctuating renewable power inputs

and extreme marine meteorological conditions on offshore hydrogen production safety are analyzed. The risk propagation

amplification

and evolution pathways induced by combined effects of process disturbances

equipment degradation

and environmental loads are revealed. Results demonstrate that offshore hydrogen production safety is governed by pronounced multiscale coupling

time-dependent nonlinear behaviors

and uncertainty propagation characteristics. The process safety risks originate from material corrosion and hydrogen embrittlement

competitive side reactions during electrolysis

gas crossover

thermal instability

and multi-physics coupling effects within hydrogen storage and transportation system. Integrated optimization of corrosion-resistant and hydrogen-resistant materials

electrochemical process regulation

advanced sealing and membrane technologies

and safe hydrogen storage and transportation strategies is required. Meanwhile

the integration of physics-based models and data-driven approaches can provide complementary advantages in risk interpretation and predictive capability. Existing standards for offshore hydrogen production remain insufficient in addressing the challenges associated with multi-technology integration and marine environments. A comprehensive safety standard framework covering the design

construction

operation

maintenance

and decommissioning should be established to provide systematic safety assurance for the future development of offshore hydrogen production systems.

关键词

Keywords

references

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