液氢贮箱复合绝热二维瞬态特性与机理研究

梁佳佳; 李翠; 赵武; 王磊; 厉彦忠

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20260344

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液氢贮箱复合绝热二维瞬态特性与机理研究

热力学 | 更新时间：2026-05-25

- 液氢贮箱复合绝热二维瞬态特性与机理研究
- Two-dimensional transient characteristics and mechanism study of composite insulation for liquid hydrogen tank
- 化工学报 2026年
- 作者机构：
  
  1.西安交通大学制冷与低温工程系，陕西西安 710049
  2.西安航天科技工业有限公司，陕西西安 710100
  3.航天推进技术研究院，陕西西安 710100
- 作者简介：
  
  梁佳佳（2000—），女，博士研究生，dandan2193797564@stu.xjtu.edu.cn
  李翠（1982—），女，博士，副教授，xjtucli@mail.xjtu.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金项目(52576021);国家重点研发计划课题(2024YFB4006904)
- DOI：10.11949/0438-1157.20260344
  中图分类号： TK 91
- 收稿：2026-03-20，
  
  修回：2026-05-18，
  
  录用：2026-05-19，
- 稿件说明：
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梁佳佳, 李翠, 赵武, 等. 液氢贮箱复合绝热二维瞬态特性与机理研究[J/OL]. 化工学报, 2026.

LIANG Jiajia, LI Cui, ZHAO Wu, et al. Two-dimensional transient characteristics and mechanism study of composite insulation for liquid hydrogen tank[J/OL]. CIESC Journal, 2026.
梁佳佳, 李翠, 赵武, 等. 液氢贮箱复合绝热二维瞬态特性与机理研究[J/OL]. 化工学报, 2026. DOI： 10.11949/0438-1157.20260344.

LIANG Jiajia, LI Cui, ZHAO Wu, et al. Two-dimensional transient characteristics and mechanism study of composite insulation for liquid hydrogen tank[J/OL]. CIESC Journal, 2026. DOI： 10.11949/0438-1157.20260344.

摘要

为提高复合绝热型液氢贮箱性能预测的准确性，建立了复合绝热结构二维瞬态热力学模型。考虑了蒸气冷却屏（VCS）内部热传导，对贮箱-多层绝热(MLI)/VCS的耦合热质传递过程进行了仿真，系统揭示了贮箱热力参数和温度场分布的演变规律。结果表明：与一维模型相比，二维瞬态模型能够捕捉蒸气冷却屏的动态传热过程和沿程温度梯度，有效避免因一维简化处理导致的漏热量高估问题；非稳态过程中，复合绝热结构温度场的低温区自贮箱壁面和VCS逐渐向四周扩散；达到热平衡后，间歇排气周期内绝热结构的温度场由排气时刻的二维分布逐渐演化为自增压结束时刻的一维分布；综合考虑贮箱热稳定性和绝热结构性能，推荐将VCS布置在MLI厚度的50%~60%处。

Abstract

To improve the accuracy of performance prediction for the liquid hydrogen tank with the composite insulation structure

a two-dimensional transient thermodynamic model was developed. The model accounts for heat conduction within the vapor-cooled shield (VCS) and the tank wall

simulating the heat and mass transfer processes of the tank coupled with multilayer insulation (MLI)/VCS to reveal the evolution of thermal parameters and temperature field distributions. The results indicate that

compared to the one-dimensional model

the two-dimensional transient model can capture the dynamic heat transfer process and the temperature gradient along the VCS

thereby effectively avoiding the overestimation of heat leakage caused by one-dimensional simplifications. During the non-equilibrium process

the cryogenic temperature zone in the temperature field of the composite insulation structure continuously spreads from the wall of the tank and the position of VCS toward the nearby zone. After reaching the quasi-equilibrium state

during an intermittent venting cycle

the temperature field of the insulation structure evolves from the two-dimensional distribution at the venting time to an approximately one-dimensional distribution at the end of the self-pressurization. Taking into account the thermodynamic stability of the tank and the thermal performance of the insulation system

it is recommended to position the VCS at 50% to 60% of the total MLI thickness.

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