液氢球阀空化与涡旋耦合机理及非线性流动特性

余向达; 周军超; 顾才利; 刘健

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20260293

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液氢球阀空化与涡旋耦合机理及非线性流动特性

流体力学与传递现象 | 更新时间：2026-05-07

- 液氢球阀空化与涡旋耦合机理及非线性流动特性
- Cavitation and vortex interaction mechanism and nonlinear flow characteristics of liquid hydrogen ball valves
- 化工学报 2026年
- 作者机构：
  
  1.四川轻化工大学机械学院，四川自贡 643000
  2.自贡自高阀门有限公司，四川自贡 643000
- 作者简介：
  
  余向达（2000—），男，硕士研究生，2959241932@qq.com
  周军超（1987—），男，博士，副教授，zhou1987g@163.com
  顾才利（1971—），男，2158746918@qq.com
- 基金信息：
  
  四川省科技成果转化项目(2024ZHCG0063)
- DOI：10.11949/0438-1157.20260293
  中图分类号： O352;O359
- 收稿：2026-03-08，
  
  修回：2026-05-07，
  
  录用：2026-05-07，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
余向达, 周军超, 顾才利, 等. 液氢球阀空化与涡旋耦合机理及非线性流动特性[J/OL]. 化工学报, 2026.

YU Xiangda, ZHOU Junchao, GU Caili, et al. Cavitation and vortex interaction mechanism and nonlinear flow characteristics of liquid hydrogen ball valves[J/OL]. CIESC Journal, 2026.
余向达, 周军超, 顾才利, 等. 液氢球阀空化与涡旋耦合机理及非线性流动特性[J/OL]. 化工学报, 2026. DOI： 10.11949/0438-1157.20260293.

YU Xiangda, ZHOU Junchao, GU Caili, et al. Cavitation and vortex interaction mechanism and nonlinear flow characteristics of liquid hydrogen ball valves[J/OL]. CIESC Journal, 2026. DOI： 10.11949/0438-1157.20260293.

摘要

球阀是液氢输送系统中的关键部件，当液氢流经阀芯节流区时，局部压力骤降会导致液氢汽化，产生的空泡在溃灭时不仅引发空化，更直接威胁系统安全与阀门寿命。针对液氢的超低温热效应以及其饱和蒸气压对温度变化的敏感性，基于原始的Schnerr-Sauer空化模型，结合气液能量平衡与Clausius-Clapeyron方程，提出一种更加适用于液氢介质的空化模型，并通过实验结果验证空化模型的准确性。详细观察并讨论了启闭过程中空化的产生、发展及溃灭等动态演化规律，揭示了空化现象与涡流结构之间的相互耦合作用关系，探讨了不同入口压力对空化的影响，并进一步量化了阀芯转速对涡旋演变的影响。研究结果表明，该流动过程具有显著的路径依赖性和非线性特征；较高的入口压力会明显增强空化强度并延长下游空穴流区，而阀芯转速主要影响下游涡流结构的演化速率。

Abstract

The ball valve is a key component in the liquid hydrogen delivery system. When the liquid hydrogen flows through the throttle area of the valve core

the local pressure drop will lead to the vaporization of the liquid hydrogen. The generated cavitation will not only cause cavitation when it collapses

but also directly threaten the system safety and valve life. Aiming at the ultra-low temperature thermal effect of liquid hydrogen and the sensitivity of its saturated vapor pressure to temperature change

based on the original Schnerr-Sauer cavitation model

combined with gas-liquid energy balance and Clausius-Clapeyron equation

a cavitation model more suitable for liquid hydrogen medium is proposed

and the accuracy of the cavitation model is verified by experimental results. The dynamic evolution law of cavitation generation

development and collapse during the opening and closing process was observed and discussed in detail. The coupling relationship between cavitation phenomenon and vortex structure was revealed. The influence of different inlet pressures on cavitation was discussed

and the influence of spool speed on vortex evolution was further quantified. The results show that the flow process has significant path dependence and nonlinear characteristics. Higher inlet pressure will significantly

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