生物质气化中钾迁移转化对灰熔融的影响及调控研究进展

李龙宇; 黄山秀; 李风海; 马名杰; 周美洁; 房倚天

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20260289

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

生物质气化中钾迁移转化对灰熔融的影响及调控研究进展

综述与专论 | 更新时间：2026-05-20

- 生物质气化中钾迁移转化对灰熔融的影响及调控研究进展
- Review on the Effect of Potassium Migration and Transformation on Ash Fusion and Its Regulation during Biomass Gasification
- 化工学报 2026年
- 作者机构：
  
  1.河南理工大学化学化工学院，河南焦作 454000
  2.菏泽学院化学化工学院，山东菏泽 274015
  3.中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所，山西太原 030001
- 作者简介：
  
  李龙宇（2000 —），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为能源化工。E-mail：wy26455795@163.com
  黄山秀（1984 —），女，副教授，硕士生导师，研究方向为矿产资源加工利用及高性能水泥基材料。E-mail：hsx3168@163.com
  李风海（1974 —），男，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为能源化工。E-mail：hzlfh@163.com
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然基金项目(21875059);煤炭高效低碳利用全国重点实验室开放课题(J25-26-101)
- DOI：10.11949/0438-1157.20260289
  中图分类号： TK6
- 收稿：2026-03-06，
  
  修回：2026-05-17，
  
  录用：2026-05-18，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
李龙宇, 黄山秀, 李风海, 等. 生物质气化中钾迁移转化对灰熔融的影响及调控研究进展[J/OL]. 化工学报, 2026.

LI longyu, HUANG shanxiu, LI fenghai, et al. Review on the Effect of Potassium Migration and Transformation on Ash Fusion and Its Regulation during Biomass Gasification[J/OL]. CIESC Journal, 2026.
李龙宇, 黄山秀, 李风海, 等. 生物质气化中钾迁移转化对灰熔融的影响及调控研究进展[J/OL]. 化工学报, 2026. DOI： 10.11949/0438-1157.20260289.

LI longyu, HUANG shanxiu, LI fenghai, et al. Review on the Effect of Potassium Migration and Transformation on Ash Fusion and Its Regulation during Biomass Gasification[J/OL]. CIESC Journal, 2026. DOI： 10.11949/0438-1157.20260289.

摘要

生物质资源丰富、分布广泛，在全球能源消耗中占重要比重，由于其可再生与碳中性，被视为替代煤炭等化石燃料的战略选择之一。气化是生物质高效清洁利用的重要途径，然而，碱金属钾在气化过程中的迁移转化及其引发的熔融与结渣问题，降低设备运行稳定性，已成为制约生物质气化技术发展的重大挑战。为此，本综述在介绍生物质中钾的赋存形态、气化过程中钾释放行为与迁移转化过程的基础上，阐述了生物质气化过程中钾含量对灰熔融与结渣行为产生的影响，分析了添加剂（硅铝基、钙基、磷基）对钾影响灰熔融行为的调控机制，从多种原位技术和模拟手段相互耦合协作分析钾的迁移转化对灰熔融特性调控的发展趋势。旨在归纳整理生物质气化过程中钾对灰化学特性的影响机理，从而为预防生物质气化中钾引起的灰化学问题的出现提供理论支撑和实践参考。

Abstract

Biomass resources

abundant and widely distributed

accounted for a significant proportion of global energy consumption. Due to its renewability and carbon neutrality

it is regarded as one of the strategic alternatives to fossil fuels such as coal. Biomass gasification represents an important approach for its efficient and clean utilization. However

the migration and transformation of alkali potassium during gasification

along with the resulting slagging and ash fusion issues

reduced operational stability

and became a major constraint on the development of biomass gasification technology. Therefore

this paper

on the basis of introducing the occurrence forms of potassium in biomass

potassium release behavior

migration and transformation processes of potassium during gasification

expounded the impact of potassium content on the ash fusion and slagging behaviors During biomass gasification

and analyzed the regulation mechanisms of different additives (silico-aluminous-based

calcium-based and phosphorus-based) on the potassium-influenced ash fusion. The future development trends of ash fusion regulation were prospected through potassium migration and transformation by orienting toward the mutual coupling and collaboration of various in-situ techniques and simulation. This review aims to summarize the influence mechanisms of potassium on ash chemical properties during biomass gasification

And provides theoretical support and practical reference for preventing the ash chemcial problems caused by potassium in biomass gasification.

关键词

Keywords

references

王志伟 , 郭帅华 , 吴梦鸽 , 等 . 生物质与塑料催化共热解技术研究进展 [J ] . 化工进展 , 2023 , 42 ( 5 ): 2655 - 2665 .

Wang Z W , Guo S H , Wu M G , et al . Recent advances on catalytic co-pyrolysis of biomass and plastic [J ] . Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress , 2023 , 42 ( 5 ): 2655 - 2665 .

陆昕晟 , 郭晓镭 , 王世丞 , 等 . 秸秆类生物质的粉碎特性研究 [J ] . 化工学报 , 2025 , 76 ( 7 ): 3539 - 3551 .

Lu X S , Guo X L , Wang S C , et al . Study on comminution characteristics of straw biomass [J ] . CIESC Journal , 2025 , 76 ( 7 ): 3539 - 3551 .

Perkins G , Batalha N , Kumar A , et al . Recent advances in liquefaction technologies for production of liquid hydrocarbon fuels from biomass and carbonaceous wastes [J ] . Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews , 2019 , 115 : 109400 .

Wang M , Xu D L , Bai Y H , et al . Dynamic investigation on potassium migration and transformation during biochar combustion and its correlation with combustion reactivity [J ] . Fuel , 2023 , 340 : 127540 .

Thamarai P , Kamalesh R , Shaji A , et al . Advanced conversion technologies for resource recovery from waste biomass: Applications and emerging trends [J ] . Chemosphere , 2025 , 384 : 144515 .

Ramos A , Rouboa A . Syngas production strategies from biomass gasification: Numerical studies for operational conditions and quality indexes [J ] . Renewable Energy , 2020 , 155 : 1211 - 1221 .

葛泽峰 , 吴雨青 , 曾名迅 , 等 . 灰化学成分对生物质气化特性的影响规律 [J ] . 化工学报 , 2023 , 74 ( 5 ): 2136 - 2146 .

Ge Z F , Wu Y Q , Zeng M X , et al . Effect of ash chemical components on biomass gasification properties [J ] . CIESC Journal , 2023 , 74 ( 5 ): 2136 - 2146 .

Lv Y , Niu Y Q , Liang Y , et al . Experiment and kinetics studies on ash fusion characteristics of biomass/coal mixtures during combustion [J ] . Energy & Fuels , 2019 , 33 ( 10 ): 10317 - 10323 .

Schmid D , Lidman Olsson E , Vainio E , et al . Fate of phosphorus and potassium in gasification of wheat bran and sunflower seed shells [J ] . Fuel , 2025 , 384 : 133950 .

Yao X W , Zhao Z C , Xu K L , et al . Determination of ash forming characteristics and fouling/slagging behaviours during gasification of Masson pine in a fixed-bed gasifier [J ] . Renewable Energy , 2020 , 160 : 1420 - 1430 .

姚锡文 , 许克强 , 刘清华 , 等 . 生物质热转化过程中积灰沾污结渣特性及趋势预测研究进展 [J ] . 安全与环境学报 , 2024 , 24 ( 3 ): 882 - 890 .

Yao X W , Xu K Q , Liu Q H , et al . Research progress on the fouling and slagging characteristics of biomass ash and its trend prediction [J ] . Journal of Safety and Environment , 2024 , 24 ( 3 ): 882 - 890 .

Abioye K J , Harun N Y , Sufian S , et al . A review of biomass ash related problems: Mechanism, solution, and outlook [J ] . Journal of the Energy Institute , 2024 , 112 : 101490 .

Yuan M R , Guo J , He C , et al . Structure-governed potassium retention mechanism in the slagging and non-slagging gasification condition of corn straw [J ] . Renewable Energy , 2025 , 239 : 122181 .

罗扬 , 彭杨皓 , 周钰博 . 生物质气化技术研究进展 [J ] . 化工矿物与加工 , 2025 , 54 ( 11 ): 59 - 69 .

Luo Y , Peng Y H , Zhou Y B . Research progress on biomass gasification technology [J ] . Industrial Minerals & Processing , 2025 , 54 ( 11 ): 59 - 69 .

Zhang W W , Wu Y Q , Huang S , et al . Comparative study on the effects of wood dust and rice husk on wheat straw gasification process: Ash fusion characteristics and gasification reactivity [J ] . Fuel , 2022 , 326 : 124942 .

Li S Q , Song H , Hu J H , et al . CO 2 gasification of straw biomass and its correlation with the feedstock characteristics [J ] . Fuel , 2021 , 297 : 120780 .

Wang Y F , Qin Y H , Vassilev S V , et al . Migration behavior of chlorine and sulfur during gasification and combustion of biomass and coal [J ] . Biomass and Bioenergy , 2024 , 182 : 107080 .

Cao W H , Li J , Lin L T , et al . Release of potassium in association with structural evolution during biomass combustion [J ] . Fuel , 2021 , 287 : 119524 .

Chen Q Y , Xin Y , Liu Z J . Long-term fertilization with potassium modifies soil biological quality in K-rich soils [J ] . Agronomy , 2020 , 10 ( 6 ): 771 .

Vassilev S V , Vassileva C G , Velyanova G G , et al . Content, association, modes of occurrence, and significance of potassium in biomass and biomass ash [J ] . Journal of the Energy Institute , 2026 , 126 : 102497 .

Ge Z F , Wu Y Q , Hou Z H , et al . Fusion property prediction and mineral reaction mechanism of coal/biomass ash blends upon in-situ tests in the gasification process [J ] . Fuel , 2024 , 376 : 132731 .

Joshua Abioye K , Rajamanickam R , Ogunjinmi T , et al . Advancements in biomass waste conversion to sustainable biofuels via gasification [J ] . Chemical Engineering Journal , 2025 , 505 : 159151 .

Hameed Z , Khan Z , Amin N , et al . Experimental investigation of co-gasification of agricultural and municipal solid wastes for syngas generation [J ] . Journal of the Energy Institute , 2025 , 123 : 102293 .

Xia L M , Wang H , Lu G Q , et al . Research on emission factor and reduction potential of biomass gasification [J ] . Biomass and Bioenergy , 2025 , 202 : 108194 .

李学琴 , 王志伟 , 刘鹏 , 等 . 生物质气化制氢技术的研究现状及展望 [J ] . 新能源进展 , 2025 , 13 ( 4 ): 432 - 442 .

Li X Q , Wang Z W , Liu P , et al . Research status and prospect of hydrogen production technology by biomass gasification [J ] . Advances in New and Renewable Energy , 2025 , 13 ( 4 ): 432 - 442 .

Hwang I S , Sohn J , Do Lee U , et al . CFD-DEM simulation of air-blown gasification of biomass in a bubbling fluidized bed gasifier: Effects of equivalence ratio and fluidization number [J ] . Energy , 2021 , 219 : 119533 .

Fan H D , Zhang H , Li G , et al . Modeling of industrial biomass fluidized bed gasification system and optimization of operating conditions [J ] . Biomass and Bioenergy , 2026 , 204 : 108403 .

Gao N , Zhu K , Fang S W , et al . A numerical simulation and experimental study of fluidization characteristics of a bubbling fluidized bed in biomass gasification [J ] . Energies , 2024 , 17 ( 10 ): 2302 .

Fasih H F , Ghassemi H , MazraeShahi H K Experimental investigation of heavy fuel oil gasification in an entrained flow gasifier [J ] . Fuel , 2023 , 351 : 128955 .

Shahabuddin M , Bhattacharya S . Enhancement of performance and emission characteristics by co-gasification of biomass and coal using an entrained flow gasifier [J ] . Journal of the Energy Institute , 2021 , 95 : 166 - 178 .

Samani N , Khalil R , Seljeskog M , et al . Experimental and simulation studies of oxygen-blown, steam-injected, entrained flow gasification of lignin [J ] . Fuel , 2024 , 362 : 130713 .

Ding A J , Zhou Q Q , Wei W , et al . Synergistic intensification of membrane reactor with biochar catalyst for efficient production of clean syngas from biomass gasification [J ] . Chemical Engineering Journal , 2025 , 512 : 162452 .

Huang K J , Wu J W , Yang X , et al . Potassium fixation and ash fusion behavior in biomass and sewage sludge co-gasification [J ] . Energy , 2026 , 347 : 140317 .

王洋 , 董长青 . 生物质燃烧和热解中钾的释放规律研究进展 [J ] . 化工进展 , 2020 , 39 ( 4 ): 1292 - 1301 .

Wang Y , Dong C Q . Release of K during biomass combustion and pyrolysis: a review [J ] . Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress , 2020 , 39 ( 4 ): 1292 - 1301 .

曹晋曾 , 魏国强 , 袁浩然 , 等 . 生物质热化学转化过程中碱金属分布及迁移特性 [J ] . 新能源进展 , 2023 , 11 ( 3 ): 228 - 238 .

Cao J Z , Wei G Q , Yuan H R , et al . Distribution and migration of alkali metals during biomass thermochemical transformation [J ] . Advances in New and Renewable Energy , 2023 , 11 ( 3 ): 228 - 238 .

Wang Z H , Liu S Y , Weng W B , et al . Alkali metal release in thermochemical conversion of biomass and coal: Optical measurements and modeling [J ] . Progress in Energy and Combustion Science , 2024 , 100 : 101131 .

Deng L , Ye J M , Jin X , et al . Transformation and release of potassium during fixed-bed pyrolysis of biomass [J ] . Journal of the Energy Institute , 2018 , 91 ( 4 ): 630 - 637 .

Yang Y , Shao Y L , Ma S W , et al . Biomass ash chemistry in oxygen carrier aided combustion: Interaction between potassium and red mud [J ] . Fuel , 2024 , 357 : 129720 .

Deng L , Huang X L , Tie Y , et al . Experimental study on transformation of alkali and alkaline earth metals during biomass gasification [J ] . Journal of the Energy Institute , 2022 , 103 : 117 - 127 .

Cai J J , Zeng R H , Zheng W H , et al . Synergistic effects of co-gasification of municipal solid waste and biomass in fixed-bed gasifier [J ] . Process Safety and Environmental Protection , 2021 , 148 : 1 - 12 .

Zhang Z , Liu J , Shen F H , et al . Temporal release behavior of potassium during pyrolysis and gasification of sawdust particles [J ] . Renewable Energy , 2020 , 156 : 98 - 106 .

Zhao H B , Xu W T , Song Q , et al . Effect of steam and SiO 2 on the release and transformation of K 2 CO 3 and KCl during biomass thermal conversion [J ] . Energy & Fuels , 2018 , 32 ( 9 ): 9633 - 9639 .

Mousavi S M , Thorin E , Schmidt F M , et al . Numerical study and experimental verification of biomass conversion and potassium release in a 140 kW entrained flow gasifier [J ] . Energy & Fuels , 2023 , 37 ( 2 ): 1116 - 1130 .

Guo Q Z , Qin Y H , Liu X F , et al . Research on kinetics and thermodynamics of K release in biomass thermal conversion under different atmospheres: Focus on effect of initial Cl/S/Si content and transformation pathway [J ] . Fuel , 2025 , 387 : 134355 .

Tchoffor P A , Davidsson K O , Thunman H . Effects of steam on the release of potassium, chlorine, and sulfur during char conversion, investigated under dual-fluidized-bed gasification conditions [J ] . Energy & Fuels , 2014 , 28 ( 11 ): 6953 - 6965 .

Li J , Xin Y , Wang D L , et al . Hydrogen-rich gas production and potassium migration from potassium-rich banana peel during in-situ gasification [J ] . International Journal of Hydrogen Energy , 2025 , 102 : 1340 - 1349 .

Wei J T , Wang M , Xu D L , et al . Migration and transformation of alkali/alkaline earth metal species during biomass and coal co-gasification: a review [J ] . Fuel Processing Technology , 2022 , 235 : 107376 .

Huang Y Q , Liu H C , Yuan H Y , et al . Release and transformation pathways of various K species during thermal conversion of agricultural straw. part 1: devolatilization stage [J ] . Energy & Fuels , 2018 , 32 ( 9 ): 9605 - 9613 .

开兴平 , 朱景博 , 杨天华 , 等 . 有氧烘焙对生物质气化及碱金属迁移转化特性的影响 [J ] . 燃料化学学报(中英文) , 2024 , 52 ( 1 ): 9 - 18 .

Kai X P , Zhu J B , Yang T H , et al . Effects of oxidative torrefaction on biomass gasification and alkali metal release and transformation characteristics [J ] . Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology , 2024 , 52 ( 1 ): 9 - 18 .

McCaffrey Z , Thy P , Long M , et al . Air and steam gasification of almond biomass [J ] . Frontiers in Energy Research , 2019 , 7 : 84 .

Xin Y , Wang D L . Hydrogen-rich gas production and potassium migration behavior during steam gasification of banana peel [J ] . International Journal of Hydrogen Energy , 2026 , 206 : 153409 .

Jiang Y D , Yang Y , Shao Y L , et al . Biomass ash chemistry in oxygen carrier aided combustion: effect of steam on potassium and red mud agglomeration behavior [J ] . Fuel , 2025 , 398 : 135541 .

Alahakoon Y , Az Zahra A C , Panpian P , et al . Inherent potassium-induced synergy and transformation during steam co-gasification of Giant Miscanthus with Napier grass biochar [J ] . International Journal of Hydrogen Energy , 2025 , 106 : 1417 - 1428 .

Hedayati A , Sefidari H , Boman C , et al . Ash transformation during single-pellet gasification of agricultural biomass with focus on potassium and phosphorus [J ] . Fuel Processing Technology , 2021 , 217 : 106805 .

Ge Z F , Cao X , Zha Z T , et al . The mineral transformation and molten behaviors of biomass waste ashes in gasification-melting process [J ] . Fuel Processing Technology , 2022 , 226 : 107095 .

He C , Cao F , Wei Y X , et al . Morphological changes and ash fusibility of coal, rice straw and their mixture during CO 2 gasification [J ] . Fuel , 2021 , 292 : 120372 .

Xiong Q G , Li J Z , Guo S , et al . Ash fusion characteristics during co-gasification of biomass and petroleum coke [J ] . Bioresource Technology , 2018 , 257 : 1 - 6 .

Zhou H D , Xu K L , Yao X W , et al . Mineral transformations and molten mechanism during combustion of biomass ash [J ] . Renewable Energy , 2023 , 216 : 119113 .

Ma X W , Li F H , Ma M J , et al . Investigation on blended ash fusibility characteristics of biomass and coal with high silica–alumina [J ] . Energy & Fuels , 2017 , 31 ( 8 ): 7941 - 7951 .

Ji H S , Zhou Y , He Z X , et al . Bio-slag high-temperature corrosion on an alumina refractory under the reducing environment [J ] . Energy & Fuels , 2021 , 35 ( 5 ): 3867 - 3877 .

Liu J J , Shen Z J , Liang Q F , et al . Shrinking-melting mechanism of biomass ashes induced by phase transformation of alkali metal minerals for entrained flow gasification [J ] . Renewable Energy , 2026 , 256 : 124418 .

Cheng C , Wang J X , Wu H , et al . Investigation on fusibility of EFB hydrochar ash with high potassium content under gasification conditions [J ] . Chemical Engineering Science , 2025 , 309 : 121431 .

Koido K , Kubota A , Yamashita K , et al . Effect of bark blending with wood parts on ash fusion characteristics and inhibition of slag derived from K–Ca carbonate melts under gasification conditions [J ] . Biomass and Bioenergy , 2026 , 204 : 108410 .

Mansoor K , Suraj P , Arun P , et al . Unlocking the potential of corn husk through pyrolysis and gasification: Characterization, kinetics, and agglomeration analysis [J ] . Biomass and Bioenergy , 2025 , 195 : 107701 .

Alam T , Hoadley A , Dai B Q , et al . Impact of potassium on bio-ash slagging and resultant slag flowing characteristics under mild reducing environment [J ] . Fuel Processing Technology , 2023 , 243 : 107672 .

Yao X W , Hu Y L , Ge J , et al . A comprehensive study on influence of operating parameters on agglomeration of ashes during biomass gasification in a laboratory-scale gasification system [J ] . Fuel , 2020 , 276 : 118083 .

Li F H , Zhao C Y , Li J G , et al . Investigation on ash fusion behavior modification of wheat straw by sludge addition [J ] . Journal of the Energy Institute , 2021 , 98 : 1 - 10 .

Zhao W , Li F H , Ma M J , et al . Investigation on variation mechanisms of ash fusion and viscosity of high calcium-iron coal by coal blending [J ] . Fuel , 2023 , 334 : 126663 .

Yao X W , Zhao Z C , Li J S , et al . Experimental investigation of physicochemical and slagging characteristics of inorganic constituents in ash residues from gasification of different herbaceous biomass [J ] . Energy , 2020 , 198 : 117367 .

Du C H , Zhang Y W , Li J Z , et al . Investigation of effect of different pretreatment methods on the mineral transformation and ash behavior of biomass in co-utilization with coal [J ] . Fuel , 2025 , 392 : 134879 .

Zhou H D , Xu K L , Yao X W , et al . Syngas composition and ash characteristics of corn straw under a CO 2 atmosphere [J ] . Biomass and Bioenergy , 2022 , 166 : 106630 .

Yao X W , Zhao Z C , Chen S K , et al . Migration and transformation behaviours of ash residues from a typical fixed-bed gasification station for biomass syngas production in China [J ] . Energy , 2020 , 201 : 117646 .

Liu B , Tian J X , Wang P X , et al . Mechanistic insights into alkali metal migration and slagging behavior in K-type biomass ash during thermal conversion [J ] . Energy , 2025 , 329 : 136800 .

Jiang J H , Tie Y , Deng L , et al . Influence of water-washing pretreatment on ash fusibility of biomass [J ] . Renewable Energy , 2022 , 200 : 125 - 135 .

Mu L , Li T , Wang Z , et al . Influence of water/acid washing pretreatment of aquatic biomass on ash transformation and slagging behavior during co-firing with bituminous coal [J ] . Energy , 2021 , 234 : 121286 .

Wang D , Wang Y , Xiao W N , et al . Study on water wash pretreatment and Al-Si additives to relieve the sintering behavior of fungus bran combustion ash [J ] . Molecules , 2024 , 29 ( 19 ): 4675 .

吴士博 . 水淋洗和添加剂预处理对小麦秸秆灰熔温度影响研究 [D ] . 成都 : 西南交通大学 , 2019 .

Wu S B . The research of water leaching and additives pre-treatment effects on wheat straw ash melting temperature characteristics [D ] . Chengdu : Southwest Jiaotong University , 2019 .

Hou Z H , Ge Z F , Sun L J , et al . Study on the comprehensive influence of Si-Al-based additives on hydrogen production and K deposition during biomass gasification [J ] . Journal of the Energy Institute , 2025 , 118 : 101915 .

Clery D S , Mason P E , Rayner C M , et al . The effects of an additive on the release of potassium in biomass combustion [J ] . Fuel , 2018 , 214 : 647 - 655 .

Chen L , Li P , Song T . Biomass ash chemistry in chemical looping combustion: Interaction mechanism of potassium-ash and iron-based oxygen carriers [J ] . Biomass and Bioenergy , 2024 , 183 : 107154 .

Li F H , Wang X C , Zhao C Y , et al . Influence of additives on potassium retention behaviors during straw combustion: a mechanism study [J ] . Bioresource Technology , 2020 , 299 : 122515 .

Li F H , Fan H L , Guo M X , et al . Influencing mechanism of additives on ash fusion behaviors of straw [J ] . Energy & Fuels , 2018 , 32 ( 3 ): 3272 - 3280 .

Zhang H , Li J G , Yang X , et al . Influence of coal ash on potassium retention and ash melting characteristics during gasification of corn stalk coke [J ] . Bioresource Technology , 2018 , 270 : 416 - 421 .

Zhang H , Hao Z H , Li J G , et al . Effect of coal ash additive on potassium fixation and melting behaviors of the mixture under simulated biomass gasification condition [J ] . Renewable Energy , 2021 , 168 : 806 - 814 .

Fan H L , Li F H , Guo Q Q , et al . Effect of high silicon-aluminum coal ashes on sintering and fusion characteristics of a potassium-rich biomass ash [J ] . Journal of the Energy Institute , 2020 , 93 ( 5 ): 1781 - 1789 .

Li F H , Yu B , Li J G , et al . Exploration of potassium migration behavior in straw ashes under reducing atmosphere and its modification by additives [J ] . Renewable Energy , 2020 , 145 : 2286 - 2295 .

贺冲 , 白进 , 郭晶 , 等 . 气化条件下高岭土固定生物质中碱金属机理的热力学研究 [J ] . 洁净煤技术 , 2022 , 28 ( 11 ): 105 - 113 .

He C , Bai J , Guo J , et al . Thermodynamic study on the retention mechanism of alkali elements in biomass by Kaolin addition under gasification condition [J ] . Clean Coal Technology , 2022 , 28 ( 11 ): 105 - 113 .

Fang Y F , Xu Y F , Chen G , et al . Preparation of phosphorus containing products by co-incineration of sludge ash and calcium-based additives: Focusing one-step and multi-step method [J ] . Waste Management , 2024 , 180 : 67 - 75 .

Qi J H , Han K H , Wang Q , et al . Carbonization of biomass: Effect of additives on alkali metals residue, SO 2 and NO emission of chars during combustion [J ] . Energy , 2017 , 130 : 560 - 569 .

Ding L , Li Z Y , Li X H , et al . Enhancement of the co-gasification reactivity of biomass and coal with the introduction of calcium-based additives [J ] . Energy , 2025 , 318 : 134922 .

Li J Z , Guo Q H , Liu X , et al . Investigation and regulation of flow properties of rice straw ash for the slagging gasifier [J ] . Renewable Energy , 2025 , 254 : 123787 .

Li G L , Nathan G J , Kuba M , et al . Calcite or kaolinite addition for mitigating bed agglomeration during combustion and steam gasification of potassium-rich agricultural residues with olivine as the bed material [J ] . Energy & Fuels , 2022 , 36 ( 23 ): 14267 - 14280 .

Zhu Y J , Liu Y , Wang L , et al . Effect of phosphorus-based additives on the sintering characteristics of cornstalk ash [J ] . Journal of the Energy Institute , 2021 , 97 : 37 - 47 .

Li Y , Tan Z W , Zhu Y J , et al . Effects of P-based additives on agricultural biomass torrefaction and particulate matter emissions from fuel combustion [J ] . Renewable Energy , 2022 , 190 : 66 - 77 .

Zhang W K , Lidman Olsson E O , Enemark-Rasmussen K , et al . An experimental study of the transformation of phosphorus additives during biomass pyrolysis [J ] . Fuel , 2025 , 398 : 135554 .

Yao P , Yan T G , Dai X , et al . A comparison study of the inhabitation effect of phosphate tailing and Kaolin on the release of K in biomass straw [J ] . Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery , 2025 , 15 ( 6 ): 9377 - 9388 .

Hannl T K , Häggström G , Hedayati A , et al . Ash transformation during single-pellet gasification of sewage sludge and mixtures with agricultural residues with a focus on phosphorus [J ] . Fuel Processing Technology , 2022 , 227 : 107102 .

He Z M , Ding L L , Cao J P , et al . Investigation on effect of phosphorus and calcium on ash transformation and agglomeration behavior of inorganic potassium salts in biomass using coal fly ash as additive during gasification [J ] . Energy & Fuels , 2024 , 38 ( 19 ): 18643 - 18651 .

Pachchigar S , Hannl T K . Thermodynamic equilibrium study of ash transformation during entrained flow conversion of agricultural biomass focusing on the potential extraction of valuable Si and K–P compounds via condensation from the gas phase [J ] . ACS Omega , 2025 , 10 ( 17 ): 17929 - 17939 .

He Z M , Ding L L , Cao J P , et al . Influence of occurrence mode of potassium and a calcium-based additive on ash transformation and agglomeration behavior for coal and phosphorus-rich biomass co-gasification [J ] . Journal of the Energy Institute , 2026 , 126 : 102521 .

Zhang Z L , Zhang J C , Li F H , et al . A critical review on potassium release, transformation, and fixation during biomass combustion [J ] . Journal of the Energy Institute , 2026 , 125 : 102468 .

浏览量

下载量

CSCD

文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。

提交

工具集

关联资源

熔融盐辅助生物质热化学高值化转化研究进展

机器学习驱动的生物质热解模型建立及挥发分化学链重整制氢工艺优化

无机元素对生物质焦炭-CO2气化反应性的催化/抑制作用研究及模型构建

农林废弃物气化合成混合醇生命周期环境影响分析

改性BaFe2O4载氧体生物质化学链气化特性