基于液氢冷却的高性能永磁电机设计与性能验证

张嘉毅; 蒋煜东; 王倩; 张峰; 李岸然; 闫鹏举; 阳辉林; 张恒; 阮金港

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20260205

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基于液氢冷却的高性能永磁电机设计与性能验证

专辑：低温科学与技术进展 | 更新时间：2026-07-15

- 基于液氢冷却的高性能永磁电机设计与性能验证
- Design and performance verification of a high-performance permanent magnet motor based on liquid hydrogen cooling
- 化工学报 2026年
- 作者机构：
  
  1.中山先进低温技术研究院，广东中山528400
  2.湖南国磁动力科技有限公司，湖南株洲412007
- 作者简介：
  
  张嘉毅（1994—），男，硕士，工程师，guyzhang@foxmail.com
  王倩（1991—），女，博士，副教授，wangqian@ziac.com
- 基金信息：
  
  中山市创新团队项目(CXTD2024008)
- DOI：10.11949/0438-1157.20260205
  中图分类号： TM 351
- 收稿：2026-02-09，
  
  修回：2026-07-14，
  
  录用：2026-07-15，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
张嘉毅, 蒋煜东, 王倩, 等. 基于液氢冷却的高性能永磁电机设计与性能验证[J/OL]. 化工学报, 2026.

ZHANG Jiayi, JIANG Yudong, WANG Qian, et al. Design and performance verification of a high-performance permanent magnet motor based on liquid hydrogen cooling[J/OL]. CIESC Journal, 2026.
张嘉毅, 蒋煜东, 王倩, 等. 基于液氢冷却的高性能永磁电机设计与性能验证[J/OL]. 化工学报, 2026. DOI： 10.11949/0438-1157.20260205.

ZHANG Jiayi, JIANG Yudong, WANG Qian, et al. Design and performance verification of a high-performance permanent magnet motor based on liquid hydrogen cooling[J/OL]. CIESC Journal, 2026. DOI： 10.11949/0438-1157.20260205.

摘要

高功率密度永磁电机在大负载连续运行时面临显著的温升控制问题，传统水冷方式对进一步提高功率输出的支撑能力有限。针对这一问题，本文以一台80 kW 商用水冷永磁电机为研究对象，提出一种机壳式液氢冷却结构，建立液氢/低温氢气冷却电机传热模型，并结合样机试制开展实验验证。基于数值模拟对轴向型、周向型和柱状型流道进行对比分析，结果表明轴向型流道在冷却效果、压降和加工可行性方面具有较优综合性能。依据该结果研制液氢冷却永磁电机样机，并在64～100 kW 范围内开展稳态工况测试。实验结果表明，液氢冷却可将电机绕组最高温度稳定控制在约78 ℃，显著低于180 ℃ 设计温度上限；在电机本体质量基本不变的条件下，原80 kW 电机可稳定运行至100 kW 量级，比功率提升约30%。研究结果表明，液氢冷却能够有效提高永磁电机高负载工况下的温度裕量和持续输出能力，为液氢能源系统中电驱动设备冷能梯级利用与高功率密度设计提供了可行技术路径。

Abstract

High-power-density permanent magnet motors face pronounced temperature-rise constraints during continuous operation under high load

while conventional water cooling provides limited support for further power enhancement. To address this issue

a shell-type liquid hydrogen (LH

) cooling structure was proposed for an 80 kW commercial water-cooled permanent magnet motor. A heat-transfer model of the motor cooled by LH

/cryogenic hydrogen was established

and prototype fabrication and experimental validation were conducted. Axial

circumferential

and columnar flow channels were compared by numerical simulation. The results show that the axial channel provides the best overall performance in terms of cooling effectiveness

pressure drop

and manufacturability. Based on the optimized design

an LH

-cooled permanent magnet motor prototype was developed and tested under steady operating conditions from 64 kW to 100 kW. The experimental results indicate that LH

cooling maintains the maximum winding temperature a

t approximately 78 ℃

far below the design temperature limit of 180 ℃. With nearly unchanged motor mass

the original 80 kW motor can operate stably at the 100 kW level

increasing the specific power by approximately 30%. These results demonstrate that LH

cooling can effectively improve the temperature margin and continuous output capability of permanent magnet motors under high-load conditions

providing a feasible technical route for cascade cold-energy utilization and high-power-density motor design in LH

energy systems.

关键词

Keywords

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