煤电碳捕集制合成燃料的全链条技术进展

武生; 陈建刚; 侯文浩; 任雅雯

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20260202

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煤电碳捕集制合成燃料的全链条技术进展

综述与专论 | 更新时间：2026-06-03

- 煤电碳捕集制合成燃料的全链条技术进展
- Full-chain technological advances in e-fuels production from carbon capture in coal-fired power plants
- 化工学报 2026年
- 作者机构：
  
  1.国家能源集团科学技术研究院有限公司，江苏南京 210000
  2.中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所煤炭高效低碳利用全国重点实验室，山西太原 030000
- 作者简介：
  
  武生（1989—），男，高级工程师，wushengwork@163.com
  任雅雯（1994—），女，博士，助理研究员，renyawen@sxicc.ac.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  国家能源集团科学技术研究院有限公司科技项目(TY2025Y02);山西省优秀博士生来晋工作科研经费(SYXBS202507)
- DOI：10.11949/0438-1157.20260202
  中图分类号： TQ 028.8
- 收稿：2026-02-09，
  
  修回：2026-06-02，
  
  录用：2026-06-03，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
武生, 陈建刚, 侯文浩, 等. 煤电碳捕集制合成燃料的全链条技术进展[J/OL]. 化工学报, 2026.

WU Sheng, CHEN Jiangang, HOU Wenhao, et al. Full-chain technological advances in e-fuels production from carbon capture in coal-fired power plants[J/OL]. CIESC Journal, 2026.
武生, 陈建刚, 侯文浩, 等. 煤电碳捕集制合成燃料的全链条技术进展[J/OL]. 化工学报, 2026. DOI： 10.11949/0438-1157.20260202.

WU Sheng, CHEN Jiangang, HOU Wenhao, et al. Full-chain technological advances in e-fuels production from carbon capture in coal-fired power plants[J/OL]. CIESC Journal, 2026. DOI： 10.11949/0438-1157.20260202.

摘要

随着“双碳”目标的提出，燃煤发电行业必须同时承担减排责任和能源安全责任。利用燃煤电厂集中的二氧化碳排放源，将碳捕集（CC）与二氧化碳加氢生产合成燃料（e-Fuels）相结合，可以成为燃煤发电低碳转型的一条可行途径。本文考察了完整的“CC to e-Fuels”技术链，概述了系统边界和关其键耦合环节。文章回顾了逆水煤气变换、费托合成、甲醇衍生化和直接加氢制烃等主流工程与实验室先进技术路线，并探讨了反应器类型、催化剂体系、原料气特性和工艺集成对系统性能的影响。综述分析表明，“CC to e-Fuels”的关键不仅在于单个装置的效率，而更多是在于碳捕集、氢气供应和合成转化之间的匹配与协调，以及在多装置耦合下实现能效与政策经济性的协同考量。总体而言，在实现减排效益，可以有效连接源头排放和下游合成，并满足合理的能源和工程限制的情况下，该路线就具备大规模示范和工程应用的基础，并可为燃煤发电的低碳转型提供有价值的补充。

Abstract

Under the dual-carbon strategy

coal-fired power plants confront increasing pressure to reduce CO₂ emissions while maintaining energy security. Coupling carbon capture (CC) with CO₂ hydrogenation to synthetic fuels (e-Fuels) provides a promising pathway for the low-carbon transition of coal power. This review focuses on the full-chain “CC to e-Fuels” system

covering carbon capture

hydrogen supply

syngas generation

fuel synthesis

and process integration. Major units

including reverse water-gas shift

Fischer–Tropsch synthesis

methanol-derived pathways

and direct CO₂ hydrogenation

are summarized. The analysis shows that the key challenge lies in the coordinated matching of carbon capture

hydrogen supply

and downstream conversion

rather than the efficiency of individual units alone. With appropriate technique

engineering

energy and economic boundaries

this pathway has potential for large-scale demonstration and may become an important complement to coal power decarbonization.

关键词

Keywords

references

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