基于低温逆布雷顿制冷系统的氖气高速离心压缩机工况范围优化

杨潇翎; 贾少锋; 马元; 陈双涛; 陈良; 侯予

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20260192

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基于低温逆布雷顿制冷系统的氖气高速离心压缩机工况范围优化

专辑：低温科学与技术进展 | 更新时间：2026-05-19

- 基于低温逆布雷顿制冷系统的氖气高速离心压缩机工况范围优化
- Optimization of operating range for neon high-speed centrifugal compressors based on cryogenic reverse-Brayton refrigeration system
- 化工学报 2026年
- 作者机构：
  
  1.西安交通大学深低温技术与装备教育部重点实验室，陕西西安 710049
  2.西安航天动力研究所，陕西西安 710010
- 作者简介：
  
  杨潇翎（1995—），男，博士，助理研究员，xlyang@mail.xjtu.edu.cn
  侯予（1973—），男，博士，教授，yuhou@mail.xjtu.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(52406028);航天器热控全国重点实验室开放基金项目(NKLST-JJ-20241014)
- DOI：10.11949/0438-1157.20260192
  中图分类号： TB 652
- 收稿：2026-02-08，
  
  修回：2026-05-13，
  
  录用：2026-05-19，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
杨潇翎, 贾少锋, 马元, 等. 基于低温逆布雷顿制冷系统的氖气高速离心压缩机工况范围优化[J/OL]. 化工学报, 2026.

YANG Xiaoling, JIA Shaofeng, MA Yuan, et al. Optimization of operating range for neon high-speed centrifugal compressors based on cryogenic reverse-Brayton refrigeration system[J/OL]. CIESC Journal, 2026.
杨潇翎, 贾少锋, 马元, 等. 基于低温逆布雷顿制冷系统的氖气高速离心压缩机工况范围优化[J/OL]. 化工学报, 2026. DOI： 10.11949/0438-1157.20260192.

YANG Xiaoling, JIA Shaofeng, MA Yuan, et al. Optimization of operating range for neon high-speed centrifugal compressors based on cryogenic reverse-Brayton refrigeration system[J/OL]. CIESC Journal, 2026. DOI： 10.11949/0438-1157.20260192.

摘要

随着我国航天技术的发展与长期在轨任务增多，深低温区大冷量制冷技术的需求日益迫切。氖气-逆布雷顿制冷系统因具有高可靠性、低振动、维护简单等特点，是获取30 K-80 K大冷量的重要方式。系统流量在降温初期较小，加之氖气工质的特殊物性，易引起离心压缩机喘振。因此拓展氖气离心压缩机工况范围，对于制冷系统的稳定运行具有重要意义。本文采用数值仿真方法，分析了氖气离心压缩机内部的流道损失来源，并针对小型高速氖气压缩机的工况范围拓展开展了深入研究。结果表明，叶轮进口的轴向倾角对离心式压缩机的工况范围有显著影响。而且，将最佳进口轴向倾角叶片与分流叶片组合使用，相比于仅采用分流叶片的方案，喘振裕度增加11.1%，设计点效率提升1.5个百分点。

Abstract

With the advancement of China's aerospace technology and the increasing demand for long-term in-orbit missions

the need for deep cryogenic technology with large cooling capacity has become increasingly urgent. The neon-reverse Brayton refrigeration system

characterized by high reliability

low vibration

and simple maintenance

is a key approach to achieving substantial cooling capacity between 30 K and 80 K. During the initial cooling process of the cryogenic reverse Brayton refrigeration system

the low flow rates and unique physical properties of neon refrigerant can easily induce surge in centrifugal compressors

threatening the stable operation of the refrigeration system. Therefore

expanding the operating range of neon centrifugal compressors is crucial for ensuring the stable operation and reliability of the refrigeration system. A three-dimensional numerical model of a high-speed neon centrifugal compressor was established. Utilizing numerical calculation methods and incorporating the thermophysical properties of neon gas

an in-depth study was conducted on expanding the operating range of small high-speed neon gas compressors. The calculation results indicate that the high-speed neon centrifugal compressor exhibits a large low-entropy region near the blade tip

resulting in relatively low isentropic efficiency and a narrow operating range. With the inlet axial inclination angle of the impeller blade increases

isentropic efficiency of the compressor first increases and then decreases. Moreover

the axial inclination angle at the impeller blades inlet has a significant impact on the operating range of the centrifugal compressor. The optimal axial inclination angle can improve the isentropic efficiency by 2.5 percentage points and increase the surge margin by 8.2% at the design point. Furthermore

blades with the optimal inclination angle can be combined with splitter blades. Compared to traditional splitter blade designs

the combined blade design improves the design-point isentropic efficiency by 1.5 percentage points and increases the surge margin by 11.1%.

关键词

Keywords

references

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