低压蒸汽环境中水蒸发界面温度和蒸发速率的实验研究

郭瑞丰; 吴春梅; 于佳佳; 李友荣

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20200649

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低压蒸汽环境中水蒸发界面温度和蒸发速率的实验研究

流体力学与传递现象 | 更新时间：2026-07-24

- 低压蒸汽环境中水蒸发界面温度和蒸发速率的实验研究
- Experimental investigation on evaporation interface temperature and evaporation rate of water in its own vapor at low pressures
- 化工学报 2020年71卷第12期页码：5489-5497
- 作者机构：
  
  重庆大学能源与动力工程学院，低品位能源利用技术及系统教育部重点实验室，重庆 400044
- 作者简介：
  
  郭瑞丰（1994—），男，博士研究生，545403072@qq.com
  李友荣（1963—），男，博士，教授，liyourong@cqu.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金项目(51776022)
- DOI：10.11949/0438-1157.20200649
  中图分类号： TK 121
- 收稿：2020-05-25，
  
  修回：2020-08-24，
  
  网络首发：2020-12-17，
  
  纸质出版：2020-12-05
- 稿件说明：
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郭瑞丰, 吴春梅, 于佳佳, 李友荣. 低压蒸汽环境中水蒸发界面温度和蒸发速率的实验研究[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(12): 5489-5497

GUO Ruifeng, WU Chunmei, YU Jiajia, LI Yourong. Experimental investigation on evaporation interface temperature and evaporation rate of water in its own vapor at low pressures[J]. CIESC Journal, 2020, 71(12): 5489-5497
郭瑞丰, 吴春梅, 于佳佳, 李友荣. 低压蒸汽环境中水蒸发界面温度和蒸发速率的实验研究[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(12): 5489-5497 DOI： 10.11949/0438-1157.20200649.

GUO Ruifeng, WU Chunmei, YU Jiajia, LI Yourong. Experimental investigation on evaporation interface temperature and evaporation rate of water in its own vapor at low pressures[J]. CIESC Journal, 2020, 71(12): 5489-5497 DOI： 10.11949/0438-1157.20200649.

摘要

蒸发相变广泛存在于薄膜过程及晶体生长等工业生产和日常生活中，液层表面蒸发和热毛细对流相互影响、相互制约，使得蒸发界面能量传递机制变得非常复杂。为了深入了解水在低压纯蒸汽环境中的蒸发特性，对环形液池内水蒸发时的温度分布和蒸发速率进行了一系列实验研究。环形液池壁温控制在3~15℃之间，蒸发环境压力在394~1467 Pa之间变化，开始测量时液层深度为10 mm。结果表明，蒸发界面气相侧温度总是高于液相侧，气液界面存在明显的温度跳跃。随着压比减小，蒸发速率增加，界面温度跳跃随之增大；随着距壁面距离增加，局部蒸发速率降低，温度跳跃值减小；相同压比下，随着壁面温度的升高，气相侧热通量减小，蒸发界面温度跳跃值整体降低；在实验范围内测得的最大温度跳跃值为2.56℃。由于蒸发冷却效应和热毛细对流的耦合作用，蒸发界面下液相侧存在一个厚度为2 mm左右的温度均匀层，且壁面附近温度均匀层厚度大于中间区域厚度。在温度均匀层内，径向温度梯度诱导的热毛细对流将热量从壁面传输至气液界面以补偿蒸发所需汽化潜热；在温度均匀层以下，浮力对流和导热共同作用使得液相温度迅速升高。

Abstract

Evaporative phase transitions are widely present in industrial production and daily life such as thin film processes and crystal growth. The evaporation of the liquid layer and the thermocapillary convection affect each other and restrict each other

making the energy transfer mechanism of the evaporation interface very complicated. To understand the evaporation characteristics of water in its low-pressure pure vapor environment

a series of experimental studies were carried out on the temperature distributions and evaporating rate of water evaporation in the annular pool. The cylinder temperature of the annular liquid pool is controlled between 3℃ and 15℃

and the evaporation environment pressure ranges from 394 Pa to 1467 Pa

when the temperature measurement starts

the depth of water is 10 mm. The results show that the temperature of the vapor side on the liquid-vapor interface is higher than that of the liquid side and there is an obvious temperature jump across the vapor-liquid interface. With the decrease of the pressure ratio

the evaporation rate increases

and the interface temperature jump is enlarged. Meanwhile

with the increase of the distance from the cylinder

the local evaporation rate decreases

thus

the temperature jump decreases. At the same pressure ratio

as the cylinder temperature increases

the heat flux from vapor side decreases

the temperature jump decreases at all measurement points. Within the experimental controlled parameters

the maximum temperature jump obtained in the measurements is 2.56℃. Due to the coupling effect of evaporation cooling and thermocapillary convection

there is a uniform temperature layer with a thickness of about 2 mm under the evaporation interface. The thickness of the uniform temperature layer near the cylinder is always larger than that in the middle of the evaporation interface. In the uniform temperature layer

the thermocapillary convection induced by radial temperature gradient transfers heat from the cylinder to the liquid-vapor interface to compensate for the latent heat of evaporation. Below the uniform temperature layer

the temperature rises rapidly due to heat conduction and buoyancy convection.

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