Flow behavior of gas and particles was simulated in the spouted beds by using an Eulerian-Eulerian two-fluid model on the basis of kinetic theory of granular flowThe frictional-kinetic constitutive model for dense assemblies of solids was incorporatedThe kinetic stress was modeled by using the kinetic theory of granular flow

while the friction stress was from the combination of the normal frictional stress model proposed by Johnson et al to account for strain rate fluctuations and slow relaxation of the assembly to the yield surfaceAn inverse tangent function was used to provide a smooth transition from the plastic and viscous regimesThe distributions of concentration

velocity and granular temperature of particles were obtained in the spouted bedCalculated particle velocities and concentrations in spouted beds were in agreement with experimental data obtained by He et al Simulated results indicated that prediction of flow behavior of particles was affected by