Ship’s ballast water is the main way of spreading harmful organisms between the geographically isolated water bodies

but it still can not be prevented with an environment friendly method at present.It is regarded as the most feasible online approach that the large number invasive microbes in ballast water are killed by advanced oxidant.However

it is a challenge how the reactive free radicals contact the large number microbes in large-volume and high-flow rate ballast water.In the paper

the Eulerian-Eulerian two-equation model was used to simulate the mixing process in which gas-liquid jet including reactive free radicals impinges into the ballast water in crossflow.The results showed that scarf vortices were formed in the upstream

leading to counter-rotating vortices in the downstream in confined crossflow

which enhanced the mixing process.However

the gas was not easy to diffuse in the gas-liquid jet on the downstream wall surface.