Research on improving low-temperature heating performance of air-source heat pumps using single-unit two-stage compression technology

KUANG Wenqi; CHEN Qi; XIONG Tong; YAN Gang; LIU Yang; ZHAI Yuanbin; ZHAO Wenzhao; LIU Qunbo

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20260937

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

Research on improving low-temperature heating performance of air-source heat pumps using single-unit two-stage compression technology

更新时间：2026-08-24

- Research on improving low-temperature heating performance of air-source heat pumps using single-unit two-stage compression technology
- CIESC Journal (2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院，陕西西安710049
  2.广东美的制冷设备有限公司，广东佛山528000
  3.广东美芝制冷设备有限公司，广东佛山528000
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.11949/0438-1157.20260937
  CLC： TM 925.1
- Received：08 July 2026，
  
  Revised：2026-08-22，
  
  Accepted：24 August 2026，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
KUANG Wenqi, CHEN Qi, XIONG Tong, et al. Research on improving low-temperature heating performance of air-source heat pumps using single-unit two-stage compression technology[J/OL]. CIESC Journal, 2026.
DOI：

KUANG Wenqi, CHEN Qi, XIONG Tong, et al. Research on improving low-temperature heating performance of air-source heat pumps using single-unit two-stage compression technology[J/OL]. CIESC Journal, 2026. DOI： 10.11949/0438-1157.20260937.

摘要

针对空气源热泵在低温环境下制热性能衰减与运行可靠性降低的问题，提出一种基于单机双级滚动转子压缩机与两相喷射控制的R454B低温热泵系统。通过理论分析与实验研究，在-30℃至8.3℃的宽温区内，对比测试了容积比为0.6与0.7的双级压缩方案，并系统优化了补气控制策略。结果表明：容积比0.7的系统在全工况范围内综合表现更优，在超低温工况下COP与0.6方案接近且排气温度更低、运行频率更低，综合可靠性更好；对比单相补气策略，两相喷射技术在-15℃以下能更有效降低排气温度、提升制热能力，且存在与工况相关的最优补气量区间；相比传统单级补气增焓系统，双级压缩系统在-15℃及-26℃工况下COP提升约5%~8%，运行频率降低4~7Hz，排气温度控制显著改善，表现出更好的低温适应性、能效与可靠性。研究为寒冷气候下空气源热泵的系统设计与控制策略提供了实验依据与优化方向。

Abstract

To address the performance degradation and reduced operational reliability of air-source heat pumps under low-temperature conditions

an R454B low-temperature heat pump system based on a single-unit two-stage rolling-rotor compressor and two-phase injection control is proposed. Through theoretical analysis and experimental research

two-stage compression schemes with volume ratios of 0.6 and 0.7 were comparatively tested over a wide temperature range from -30℃ to 8.3℃

and the vapor-injection control strategy was systematically optimized. The results indicate that the system with a volume ratio of 0.7 exhibits superior comprehensive performance across the full operating range; under extremely low-temperature conditions

its COP is comparable to that of the 0.6 scheme

while achieving lower discharge temperature and lower operating frequency

thus demonstrating better overall reliability; compared with the single-phase injection strategy

the two-phase injection technique more effectively reduces discharge temperature and enhances heating capacity below -15℃

with an optimal injection mass flow range that varies with operating conditions. Compared with the conventional single-stage vapor-injection enthalpy-enhancement system

the two-stage compression system achieves a COP improvement of approximately 5%-8% at -15℃ and -26℃

reduces operating frequency by 4-7Hz and substantially improves discharge temperature control

demonstrating better low-temperature adaptability

energy efficiency

and reliability. This study provides experimental evidence and optimization directions for the system design and control strategy of air-source heat pumps in cold climates.

关键词

Keywords

references

中国节能协会热泵专业委员会 . 热泵助力碳中和白皮书(2022) [M ] . 北京 : 中国节能协会热泵专业委员会 , 2022 .

Heat Pump Professional Committee of the China Energy Conservation Association . White paper on carbon neutralization assisted by heat pump (2022) [M ] . Beijing : Heat Pump Professional Committee of the China Energy Conservation Association , 2022 .

王沣浩 , 王志华 , 郑煜鑫 , 等 . 低温环境下空气源热泵的研究现状及展望 [J ] . 制冷学报 , 2013 , 34 ( 5 ): 47 - 54 .

Wang F H , Wang Z H , Zheng Y X , et al . Research progress and prospect of air source heat pump in low temperature environment [J ] . Journal of Refrigeration , 2013 , 34 ( 5 ): 47 - 54 .

U.S. Congress . Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018 [EB/OL ] . ( 2018-03-23 )[ 2026-08-17 ] . https://www.congress.gov/115/plaws/publ141/PLAW-115publ141.pdf https://www.congress.gov/115/plaws/publ141/PLAW-115publ141.pdf

Department of Energy U S . Inflation reduction act home energy rebates: program requirements and application instructions [R ] . 1000 Independence Avenue, SW Washington, DC 20585 : U.S. Department of Energy, Office of State and Community Energy Programs, 2023 .

Wang B L , Liu X R , Shi W X . Performance improvement of air source heat pump using gas-injected rotary compressor through port on blade [J ] . International Journal of Refrigeration , 2017 , 73 : 91 - 98 .

卢天宇 , 马国远 , 李想 , 等 . 履约基加利修正案的家用空调制冷剂替代方案解析 [J ] . 制冷学报 , 2024 , 45 ( 4 ): 14 - 20 .

Lu T Y , Ma G Y , Li X , et al . Analysis of refrigerant substitution scheme for household air conditioning under Kigali amendment [J ] . Journal of Refrigeration , 2024 , 45 ( 4 ): 14 - 20 .

李雄亚 . 美国低GWP值可燃制冷剂评估研究进展 [J ] . 制冷与空调 , 2018 , 18 ( 10 ): 12 - 15, 34 .

Li X Y. Recent developments in the evaluation of U.S.low GWP flammable refrigerants [J ] . Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning , 2018 , 18 ( 10 ): 12 - 15, 34 .

Kumar A , Karwa N , Sethi A , et al . Seasonal performance comparison of R-410A and R-454B in a variable-speed air-cooled scroll chiller [J ] . Thermal Science and Engineering Progress , 2024 , 56 : 103050 .[LinkOut ]

袁海淦 . R454B风冷涡旋式冷水(热泵)机组性能分析 [J ] . 制冷与空调 , 2023 , 23 ( 2 ): 49 - 51, 84 .

Yuan H G . Performance of R454B air-cooled scroll water chilling (heat pump) packages [J ] . Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning , 2023 , 23 ( 2 ): 49 - 51, 84 .

肖彪 , 闫艳 , 赵树男 , 等 . 三缸双级变容积比压缩机在空气源热泵系统中的应用 [J ] . 上海交通大学学报 , 2021 , 55 ( 2 ): 188 - 195 .

Xiao B , Yan Y , Zhao S N , et al . Application of an air source heat pump system with a three-cylinder two-stage variable volume ratio rotary compressor [J ] . Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 2021 , 55 ( 2 ): 188 - 195 .

何振健 , 陈姣 , 林金煌 , 等 . 基于变容积比三缸双级压缩补气增焓技术的家用空气源热泵制热性能分析 [J ] . 制冷与空调 , 2023 , 23 ( 2 ): 85 - 88 .

He Z J , Chen J , Lin J H , et al . Heating performance of household air source heat pump based on triple-cylinder and two-stage compression with variable volume ratio and enhanced vapor injection technology [J ] . Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning , 2023 , 23 ( 2 ): 85 - 88 .

Heo J , Yun R , Kim Y . Simulations on the performance of a vapor-injection heat pump for different cylinder volume ratios of a twin rotary compressor [J ] . International Journal of Refrigeration , 2013 , 36 ( 3 ): 730 - 744 .

Baek C , Heo J , Jung J , et al . Effects of the cylinder volume ratio of a twin rotary compressor on the heating performance of a vapor injection CO2 cycle [J ] . Applied Thermal Engineering , 2014 , 67 ( 1/2 ): 89 - 96 .

Ko Y , Park S , Jin S , et al . The selection of volume ratio of two-stage rotary compressor and its effects on air-to-water heat pump with flash tank cycle [J ] . Applied Energy , 2013 , 104 : 187 - 196 .

刘琦 , 马国远 , 许树学 . 单机双级滚动活塞压缩机热泵系统的性能特性 [J ] . 化工学报 , 2013 , 64 ( 10 ): 3599 - 3605 .

Liu Q , Ma G Y , Xu S X . Performance characteristics of two-stage compression heat pump system coupled with dual-cylinder rolling piston compressor [J ] . CIESC Journal , 2013 , 64 ( 10 ): 3599 - 3605 .

刘星如 , 王宝龙 , 李先庭 , 等 . 滑板喷射型准二级滚动转子压缩机性能 [J ] . 制冷学报 , 2016 , 37 ( 2 ): 1 - 8 .

Liu X R , Wang B L , Li X T , et al . Performance of rotary compressor with vapor injection mechanism on blade [J ] . Journal of Refrigeration , 2016 , 37 ( 2 ): 1 - 8 .

刘星如 . 单缸滚动转子压缩机制冷剂喷射技术研究 [D ] . 北京 : 清华大学 , 2017 .

Liu X R . Research on vapor injection technology for single cylinder rotary compressor [D ] . Beijing : Tsinghua University , 2017 .

Song Y P , Yang B , Groll E A , et al . An experimental study of a multi-port vapor injected scroll compressor [C ] // International Compressor Engineering Conference at Purdue . West Lafayette, Indiana, USA : Purdue University , 2014 : Paper2376 .

Kang D , Jeong J H , Ryu B . Heating performance of a VRF heat pump system incorporating double vapor injection in scroll compressor [J ] . International Journal of Refrigeration , 2018 , 96 : 50 - 62 .

郭宏 . 两级压缩和单级补气式滚动转子压缩机应用于热泵系统的理论与实验研究 [J ] . 顺德职业技术学院学报 , 2015 , 13 ( 3 ): 15 - 19, 37 .

Guo H . Theoretical and experimental analysis of the two-stage rotary compressor and vapor-injection rotary compressor for heat pump systems [J ] . Journal of Shunde Polytechnic , 2015 , 13 ( 3 ): 15 - 19, 37 .

贾庆磊 , 冯利伟 , 晏刚 . 带中间补气的滚动转子式压缩系统制热性能的实验研究 [J ] . 制冷学报 , 2015 , 36 ( 2 ): 65 - 70, 77 .

Jia Q L , Feng L W , Yan G . Experimental research on heating performance of rotary compression system with vapor injection [J ] . Journal of Refrigeration , 2015 , 36 ( 2 ): 65 - 70, 77 .

吴延平 , 杨国用 . 独立压缩饱和蒸汽系统性能研究 [C ] // 2016年中国家用电器技术大会 , 2016 : 729 - 733 .

WU Y P , YANG G Y . Research on performance of Independently Compress Saturated steam System [C ] // China Household Electrical Appliances Association. Proceedings of the 2016 China Household Electrical Appliances Technical Conference . Beijing : China Household Electrical Appliances Association , 2016 : 729 - 733 .

梁星宇 , 刘洪鑫 , 曹祥 , 等 . 压缩机和喷射器耦合的双级蒸发喷射循环性能分析 [J ] . 化工学报 , 2018 , 69 ( S2 ): 26 - 30 .

Liang X Y , Liu H X , Cao X , et al . Performance analysis of a novel compressor-ejector cycle with two-stage evaporation [J ] . CIESC Journal , 2018 , 69 ( S2 ): 26 - 30 .

杨天阳 , 邹慧明 , 周晖 , 等 . -30℃电动汽车补气式CO2热泵制热性能实验研究 [J ] . 化工学报 , 2023 , 74 ( S1 ): 272 - 279 .

Yang T Y , Zou H M , Zhou H , et al . Experimental investigation on heating performance of vapor-injection CO2 heat pump for electric vehicles at-30℃ [J ] . CIESC Journal , 2023 , 74 ( S1 ): 272 - 279 .

Kim D , Jeon Y , Jang D S , et al . Performance comparison among two-phase, liquid, and vapor injection heat pumps with a scroll compressor using R410A [J ] . Applied Thermal Engineering , 2018 , 137 : 193 - 202 .

Torrella E , Larumbe J A , Cabello R , et al . A general methodology for energy comparison of intermediate configurations in two-stage vapour compression refrigeration systems [J ] . Energy , 2011 , 36 ( 7 ): 4119 - 4124 .

Jiang S , Wang S G , Jin X , et al . A general model for two-stage vapor compression heat pump systems [J ] . International Journal of Refrigeration , 2015 , 51 : 88 - 102 .

阿如娜 , 张浩 , 沙帅 , 等 . CO2双级压缩热泵喷射特性及容量匹配特性研究 [J ] . 化工学报 , 2025 , 76 ( 12 ): 6658 - 6668 .

A R N , Zhang H , Sha S , et al . Research on injection characteristics and volumetric matching characteristics of CO2 two-stage vapor compression heat pumps [J ] . CIESC Journal , 2025 , 76 ( 12 ): 6658 - 6668 .

胡余生 , 魏会军 , 吴健 , 等 . 双级增焓滚动转子式压缩机在低温空气源热泵中的应用 [J ] . 区域供热 , 2020 ( 6 ): 154 - 158 .

Hu Y S , Wei H J , Wu J , et al . Application of two-stage rotary compressor with refrigerant injection in cold climate air source heat pump [J ] . District Heating , 2020 ( 6 ): 154 - 158 .

黄辉 . 双级压缩变容积比空气源热泵技术与应用 [M ] . 北京 : 机械工业出版社 , 2018 : 51 - 62 .

Huang H . Technology and application of two-stage compression variable volume ratio air source heat pump [M ] . Beijing : China Machine Press , 2018 : 51 - 62 .

AHRI . AHRI Standard 210/240-2023: Standard for Performance Rating of Unitary Air-conditioning & Air-source Heat Pump Equipment [S ] . Arlington : AHRI , 2020 .

黄辉 , 胡余生 , 罗惠芳 , 等 . 双级补气滚动转子式压缩机容积比的理论分析与试验研究 [J ] . 制冷与空调 , 2018 , 18 ( 10 ): 20 - 25, 19 .

Huang H , Hu Y S , Luo H F , et al . Theoretical analysis and experimental research on volume ratio of two-stage rolling rotor compressor with vapor injection [J ] . Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning , 2018 , 18 ( 10 ): 20 - 25, 19 .

冉小鹏 , 翟晓强 , 骆琼 . 喷气增焓空气源热泵补气量对系统性能的影响 [J ] . 制冷学报 , 2019 , 40 ( 4 ): 37 - 44, 73 .

Ran X P , Zhai X Q , Luo Q . Effect of vapor-injection mass on system performance air-source heat pump with enhanced vapor injection [J ] . Journal of Refrigeration , 2019 , 40 ( 4 ): 37 - 44, 73 .

Views

下载量

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

提交

Tools

Publicity Resources

Research on injection characteristics and volumetric matching characteristics of CO2 two-stage vapor compression heat pumps

Thermodynamic performance analysis of combined cooling and heating system based on combination of CO2 with the zeotropic refrigerant assisted subcooled

Performance characteristics of two-stage compression heat pump system coupled with dual-cylinder rolling piston compressor

Intermediate pressure and its effect on performance of two-stage compression system with variable operating mode

Development and assessment of reduced chemical kinetic mechanisms for ammonia-methane blends

Related Author

QIU Zheng

ZHANG Jiapeng

SU Wei

LIU Zhongyan

JIN Xu

SHA Shuai

ZHANG Hao

Aruna

Related Institution

School of Energy and Power Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University

School of New Energy, Xing An Vocational and Technical University, Hinggan League

Tianjin Key Laboratory of Refrigeration Technology, Tianjin University of Commerce

School of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology

1Faculty of Infrastructure Engineering,Dalian University of Technology

⁰