Experimental study on the dynamic characteristics of an external cold energy-coupled liquid air energy storage system

FAN Jiakun; SUN Na; ZHANG Jinya; ZHANG Yongxue

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20260799

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Experimental study on the dynamic characteristics of an external cold energy-coupled liquid air energy storage system

更新时间：2026-08-07

- Experimental study on the dynamic characteristics of an external cold energy-coupled liquid air energy storage system
- CIESC Journal (2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.中海石油气电集团有限责任公司，北京 100028
  2.中国海洋石油集团有限公司液化天然气及低碳技术重点实验室，北京 100028
  3.中国石油大学（北京），机械与储运工程学院，北京 102249
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.11949/0438-1157.20260799
  CLC： TE 09
- Received：10 June 2026，
  
  Revised：2026-08-06，
  
  Accepted：07 August 2026，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
FAN Jiakun, SUN Na, ZHANG Jinya, et al. Experimental study on the dynamic characteristics of an external cold energy-coupled liquid air energy storage system[J/OL]. CIESC Journal, 2026.
DOI：

FAN Jiakun, SUN Na, ZHANG Jinya, et al. Experimental study on the dynamic characteristics of an external cold energy-coupled liquid air energy storage system[J/OL]. CIESC Journal, 2026. DOI： 10.11949/0438-1157.20260799.

摘要

液化天然气耦合液态空气储能技术能够有效提升系统往返效率。然而，实际工程运行不可避免地伴随启停与多周期交变工况。目前，该系统在动态运行下的全流程瞬态响应机制与多周期演变规律，尚缺乏系统性的实验验证。为此，本文搭建了采用分流膨胀制冷的50 kW级外部冷能耦合液态空气储能全流程实验平台，探究了该系统的热动态运行特性。在实际工艺流程中，需将LNG冷能先与氮气换热，再将低温氮气用于空气液化，实验中直接采用换热后的低温氮气作为冷源。实验结果表明：热启动充分利用保留的低温梯度，使空气液化起始时间提前66.7%，达到91%稳态液化率的耗时由45 min缩减至15 min，缩短了压缩机组输入功率的动态调整时间，使其更快回落并稳定在约91 kW。系统释能发电响应迅速，三台膨胀机组可在5 min 内完成启机并稳定输出约51.2 kW 的电功率，关机响应仅需3 min。多周期交替运行促使蓄冷填充床逐步建立稳定的动态热边界，系统在约15次循环后进入稳定运行状态，主要动力设备电-电往返效率和系统㶲效率分别稳定在约54.2%和48.2%。

Abstract

Liquefied natural gas-coupled liquid air energy storage technology can effectively improve the system round-trip efficiency. However

practical engineering operations inevitably involve frequent start-ups

shut-downs

and multi-cycle alternating operating conditions. Currently

there is a lack of systematic experimental verification of the full-process transient response mechanisms and multi-cycle evolution characteristics of this system under dynamic operating conditions. Accordingly

a 50 kW-class full-process experimental platform for an external cold energy-coupled liquid air energy storage system employing split-flow expansion refrigeration was constructed to investigate its dynamic thermal behavior. In practice

LNG cold energy is first transferred to nitrogen via heat exchange

and the resulting low-temperature nitrogen is then used for air liquefaction. Therefore

the experiments directly employed the low-temperature nitrogen obtained after heat exchange as the external cold source. Experimental results demonstrate that the hot start-up strategy fully utilizes the retained low-temperature gradient

advancing the onset of air liquefaction by 66.7% and significantly reducing the time required to achieve a 91% steady-state liquefaction yield from 45 minutes to 15 minutes. This shortened the dynamic adjustment duration of the compressor input power

allowing it to stabilize more rapidly at approximately 91 kW. Furthermore

the system exhibits a rapid power-generation response during the discharging phase

in which the three expander units can complete start-up within 5 minutes and steadily output approximately 51.2 kW of electrical power

with a shut-down response requiring only 3 minutes. Finally

multi-cycle alternating operation enabled the cold-storage packed bed to gradually establish a stable dynamic thermal boundary. After approximately 15 cycles

the system reached stable operation

with the main-equipment electric-to-electric round-trip efficiency and system exergy efficiency stabilizing at approximately 54.2% and 48.2%

respectively.

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Keywords

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