Molecular Filling Engineering-Tailored Closed Pore Formation in Lignin-Derived Hard Carbon for Enhanced Sodium-Ion Storage Performance

HUANG Zhiwei; ZHONG Lei; MA Guoli; YANG Dongjie; ZHANG Wenli; QIU Xueqing

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20260711

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Molecular Filling Engineering-Tailored Closed Pore Formation in Lignin-Derived Hard Carbon for Enhanced Sodium-Ion Storage Performance

更新时间：2026-07-09

- Molecular Filling Engineering-Tailored Closed Pore Formation in Lignin-Derived Hard Carbon for Enhanced Sodium-Ion Storage Performance
- CIESC Journal (2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.广东工业大学轻工化工学院，广东广州 510006
  2.华南理工大学，化学与化工学院，广东广州，510641
  3.广东工业大学先进制造学院，广东揭阳 522000
  4.广东省化学与精细化工实验室揭阳中心，广东揭阳 522000
  5.广东工业大学广东省生态安全与绿色发展卓越基础研究中心，广东广州 510006
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.11949/0438-1157.20260711
  CLC： TK6;TM911.3
- Received：25 May 2026，
  
  Revised：2026-07-08，
  
  Accepted：09 July 2026，
- 稿件说明：
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HUANG Zhiwei, ZHONG Lei, MA Guoli, et al. Molecular Filling Engineering-Tailored Closed Pore Formation in Lignin-Derived Hard Carbon for Enhanced Sodium-Ion Storage Performance[J/OL]. CIESC Journal, 2026.
DOI：

HUANG Zhiwei, ZHONG Lei, MA Guoli, et al. Molecular Filling Engineering-Tailored Closed Pore Formation in Lignin-Derived Hard Carbon for Enhanced Sodium-Ion Storage Performance[J/OL]. CIESC Journal, 2026. DOI： 10.11949/0438-1157.20260711.

摘要

制备封闭孔结构丰富的硬碳负极利于开发高能量密度钠离子电池。然而，封闭孔结构的提升通常需要较高的碳化温度。本研究提出一种分子填充策略在低碳化温度下制备封闭孔结构丰富的硬碳材料，选用木质素热解碳为基底，苝四甲酸二酐（PTCDA）为客体分子，通过PTCDA熔融扩散过程填充热解碳的孔隙结构，PTCDA热解产物在微孔壁形成堆叠伪石墨域结构，促使开放微孔转变为封闭孔，在1000 ℃下形成具有封闭孔结构丰富的填充硬碳。通过调控PTCDA的用量，填充硬碳的封闭孔体积从0.16 cm

/g提升至0.25 cm

/g，平均孔径从1.79 nm缩小至1.45 nm。经过优化的填充硬碳负极较木质素基硬碳负极表现了更高的储钠容量和倍率性能，在0.05 A/g电流密度下容量可达300 mAh/g，5 A/g的电流密度下仍保留186 mAh/g。该工作为木质素基硬碳封闭孔结构的调控和高性能钠离子电池负极开发提供了简便、高效的途径。

Abstract

The fabrication of hard carbon anodes with abundant closed pore structures is beneficial for the development of high-energy-density sodium-ion batteries. However

the design of such closed pore structures typically necessitates higher carbonization temperatures. In this study

we propose a molecular filling strategy to synthesize hard carbon materials with rich closed pore structures at low carbonization temperatures. Lignin pyrolytic carbon serves as the substrate

while perylene tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) acts as the guest molecule to fill the pores of the pyrolytic carbon through the melting and diffusion process of PTCDA. The pyrolysis product of PTCDA forms a stacked pseudo-graphitic domain structure on the micropore walls

facilitating the conversion of open micropores into closed pores

and resulting in the formation of filled hard carbon with abundant closed pore structures at 1000 ℃. By adjusting the amount of PTCDA

the closed pore volume of the filled hard carbon increases from 0.16 cm

‒1

to 0.25 cm

‒1

while the pore size decreases from 1.79 nm to 1.45 nm. The optimized filled hard carbon anode exhibits superior sodium storage capacity and rate performance compared to the lignin-based hard carbon anode

achieving a capacity of 300 mAh g

‒1

at 0.05 A g

‒1

and retaining 186 mAh g

‒1

at 5 A g

‒1

. This work provides a straightforward and efficient approach for constructing lignin-based hard carbon closed-pore structures and developing high-performance sodium-ion battery anodes.

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references

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