Research progress in coking mechanisms and influencing factors during direct coal liquefaction

LIU Mengmeng; BAI Zongqing; LI Wang; BAI Jin; GUO Zhenxing; LI Wen

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20260537

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Research progress in coking mechanisms and influencing factors during direct coal liquefaction

更新时间：2026-05-28

- Research progress in coking mechanisms and influencing factors during direct coal liquefaction
- CIESC Journal (2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所煤炭高效低碳利用重点实验室，山西太原 030001
  2.中国科学院大学，北京 100049
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.11949/0438-1157.20260537
  CLC： TQ 529.1
- Received：15 April 2026，
  
  Revised：2026-05-21，
  
  Accepted：25 May 2026，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
LIU Mengmeng, BAI Zongqing, LI Wang, et al. Research progress in coking mechanisms and influencing factors during direct coal liquefaction[J/OL]. CIESC Journal, 2026.
DOI：

LIU Mengmeng, BAI Zongqing, LI Wang, et al. Research progress in coking mechanisms and influencing factors during direct coal liquefaction[J/OL]. CIESC Journal, 2026. DOI： 10.11949/0438-1157.20260537.

摘要

煤直接液化技术是煤制液体燃料的重要技术路径，而液化过程中的结焦问题制约了反应装置的稳定运行与经济性。围绕煤直接液化过程中的结焦行为，系统梳理原料煤结构特征、重质中间体演化规律、自由基反应与氢供给之间的竞争关系以及焦炭的生成与沉积机理。在此基础上，总结煤种性质、溶剂性能、催化剂体系及工艺条件对结焦行为的影响规律，并归纳典型表征方法与评价手段。研究发现煤直接液化结焦是自由基反应失衡、重质中间体持续缩聚和

芳构化并逐步沉积的结果，通过优化供氢体系、强化催化剂H

活化和活性氢转移能力、促进重质中间体及时加氢转化，并优化温度、氢压、停留时间等工艺参数，实现对结焦行为的有效抑制。未来应加强自由基生成与氢转移过程的定量解析，明确重质中间体向焦炭沉积演化的关键步骤，并发展面向过程调控的跨尺度抑焦方法。

Abstract

Direct coal liquefaction (DCL) is an important route for converting coal into liquid fuels

whereas coking remains one of the main challenges for the stable and economic operation of reaction units. Existing studies indicate that coking is essentially governed by the imbalance between free radical formation and effective hydrogen stabilization. This imbalance leads to the accumulation of heavy intermediates

aromatization

and eventually resulting in coke deposition. Therefore

this review examines the coking phenomenon in DCL by linking raw coal structure

heavy-intermediate evolution

the competition between free radical reactions and hydrogen supply

and coke formation and deposition. In addition

the roles of coal properties

solvent performance

catalyst systems

and operating conditions are discussed

with typical characterization and evaluation methods summarized. Effective suppression of coking can be achieved by optimizing the hydrogen supply system

enhancing H

activation and active hydrogen transfer over the catalyst

promoting the timely upgrading of heavy intermediates

and matching process parameters such as temperature

hydrogen pressure and residence time. Future work should strengthen the quantitative analysis of free radical formation and hydrogen transfer

clarify the key control steps of the evolution of heavy intermediates into coke deposits

and develop cross-scale coking suppression methods for process regulation.

关键词

Keywords

references

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