Subcritical and supercritical water：physicochemical properties and application development

LI Dongyuan; HE Lei; CHEN Hongzhen; PEN Xiaojun; LUO Pingya; CHEN Zhong

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20260498

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Subcritical and supercritical water：physicochemical properties and application development

更新时间：2026-05-29

- Subcritical and supercritical water：physicochemical properties and application development
- CIESC Journal (2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.成都理工大学油气藏地质与开发工程全国重点实验室，四川成都 610059
  2.湖南鼎中明环保科技有限公司，湖南长沙 410004
  3.中国科学院重庆绿色智能技术研究院湖泊与流域水安全全国重点实验室，重庆 400714
  4.西南化工研究设计院有限公司，四川成都 610225
  5.西南石油大学油气藏地质与开发工程全国重点实验室，四川成都 610500
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.11949/0438-1157.20260498
  CLC： TQ 013.1;TQ 021.3;TQ 031
- Received：10 April 2026，
  
  Revised：2026-05-26，
  
  Accepted：27 May 2026，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
LI Dongyuan, HE Lei, CHEN Hongzhen, et al. Subcritical and supercritical water：physicochemical properties and application development[J/OL]. CIESC Journal, 2026.
DOI：

LI Dongyuan, HE Lei, CHEN Hongzhen, et al. Subcritical and supercritical water：physicochemical properties and application development[J/OL]. CIESC Journal, 2026. DOI： 10.11949/0438-1157.20260498.

摘要

从亚/超临界水的相图和定义出发，呈现了0.1~100 MPa、25~800℃范围内的密度、粘度、表面张力、氢键、介电常数、离子积、扩散系数、热容、导热系数、焓的详细数据。基于8个无量纲数，阐明了这10个理化性质对动量、热量、质量传递及化学反应的影响机制。总结了亚/超临界水作为传热、分离、反应及多功能介质的四大领域、22个方向的应用开发现状，涵盖了应用场景、原理及目的、应用条件和开发程度。通过对比5个成熟方向和17个研发方向，剖析了基础数据匮乏、设备腐蚀、管道堵塞、能耗成本、安全风险5个共性问题，提出了原位探测研究、耐腐蚀材料创制、新工艺装备研发、节能降本、重点方向突破的建议，可为亚/超临界水的应用开发提供基础数据和理论参考。

Abstract

Based on the phase diagram and the definition of sub- and supercritical water

this review presents detailed data of ten physicochemical properties (density

viscosity

surface tension

hydrogen bonding

dielectric constant

ionic product

diffusion coefficient

heat capacity

thermal conductivity

and enthalpy) in the ranges of 0.1–100 MPa and 25–800 °C. The influence mechanisms of these properties on momentum

heat

mass transfer and chemical reactions during hydrothermal process are elucidated via eight dimensionless numbers. The current status of application development in four major fields (heat transfer medium

separation medium

reaction medium

and multifunctional medium) covering 22 directions is summarized

including application scenarios

principles and objectives

operating conditions

and technological maturity. By comparing five mature directions with seventeen directions still under research and development

five common bottlenecks are analyzed

i.e.

lack of fundamental data

equipment corrosion

pipeline plugging

high energy consumption and cost

and safety risks. Furthermore

breakthrough strategies are proposed

including in-situ detection

development of novel corrosion-resistant materials

design of innovative process equipment

reduction of energy consumption and cost

and priority advancement in key directions. This review provides fundamental data and theoretical reference for the application development of sub- and supercritical water.

关键词

Keywords

references

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