Study on flow resistance and heat transfer characteristics of coolants in leaf-vein channels

LI Xuanyang; ZUO Juanli; GOU Jiahe; YANG Zhendong; YUAN Cang; WANG Kaiming; WANG Ying

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20260462

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Study on flow resistance and heat transfer characteristics of coolants in leaf-vein channels

更新时间：2026-06-09

- Study on flow resistance and heat transfer characteristics of coolants in leaf-vein channels
- CIESC Journal (2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  西安理工大学旱区水工程生态环境全国重点实验室，陕西西安 710048
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.11949/0438-1157.20260462
  CLC： TK124
- Received：02 April 2026，
  
  Revised：2026-06-04，
  
  Accepted：09 June 2026，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
LI Xuanyang, ZUO Juanli, GOU Jiahe, et al. Study on flow resistance and heat transfer characteristics of coolants in leaf-vein channels[J/OL]. CIESC Journal, 2026.
DOI：

LI Xuanyang, ZUO Juanli, GOU Jiahe, et al. Study on flow resistance and heat transfer characteristics of coolants in leaf-vein channels[J/OL]. CIESC Journal, 2026. DOI： 10.11949/0438-1157.20260462.

摘要

针对新能源汽车动力电池热管理高效散热与低能耗的兼顾问题，研究流道内冷却液的流动阻力和传热特性规律对液冷系统优化具有重要意义，故采用STAR-CCM+建立三维瞬态数值模型，结合k-ω (SST)湍流模型进行三维叶脉流道流动传热数值模拟，研究ZrC和Al₂O

两种纳米流体在等效黏度约束和本文范围内由密度主导趋势的阻力与传热特性和协同优化，并建立面向工程的多目标优选区间。通过32组全因子工况的极差分析、二次响应面拟合与NSGA-II遗传算法多目标优化得出结果：叶脉流道内高涡量区主要在分流、转角及局部压降较大位置，高涡量结构主要出现在阻力敏感区并与局部传热强化密切相关；入口流速对压降、传热系数、温度均匀性的影响最为显著，结合Pareto前沿与等权TOPSIS法排序可知，Al₂O₃纳米流体在1.0 vol%和2.67 m/s表现出较高性能，当兼顾工程实用性与换热性能时，推荐工况范围为0.75-1.0 vol%结合2.67-3.0 m/s。

Abstract

To address the challenge of achieving both efficient heat dissipation and low energy consumption in the therma

l management of power batteries for new energy vehicles

it is of great significance to investigate the flow resistance and heat transfer characteristics of coolants in liquid-cooling channels for the optimization of liquid-cooling systems. A three-dimensional transient numerical model was established in STAR-CCM+

and the flow and heat transfer characteristics in a leaf-vein channel were simulated using the k-ω (SST) turbulence model. Under equivalent-viscosity constraints and within the investigated parameter range

two nanofluids

ZrC and Al₂O

were comparatively studied to elucidate the density-dominated effects on flow resistance and heat transfer characteristics

and an engineering-oriented multi-objective optimal operating window was further identified. Based on range analysis of 32 full-factorial cases

quadratic response surface fitting

and NSGA-II genetic algorithm multi-objective optimization

the results show that high-vorticity regions in the leaf-vein channel are mainly located at flow-splitting sections

turning corners

and regions with relatively large local pressure drops. These high-vorticity structures are concentrated in resistance-sensitive regions and are closely associated with local heat transfer enhancement. Among the factors considered

inlet velocity has the most significant effect on pressure drop

heat transfer coefficient

and temperature uniformity. Combined with the Pareto front and equal-weight TOPSIS ranking

the Al₂O

nanofluid at 1.0 vol% and 2.67 m/s exhibits superior overall performance. When both engineering practicability and heat transfer performance are taken into account

the recommended operating window is 0.75-1.0 vol% with an inlet velocity of 2.67-3.0 m/s.

关键词

Keywords

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