Cavitation and vortex interaction mechanism and nonlinear flow characteristics of liquid hydrogen ball valves

YU Xiangda; ZHOU Junchao; GU Caili; LIU Jian

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20260293

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

Cavitation and vortex interaction mechanism and nonlinear flow characteristics of liquid hydrogen ball valves

更新时间：2026-05-07

- Cavitation and vortex interaction mechanism and nonlinear flow characteristics of liquid hydrogen ball valves
- CIESC Journal (2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.四川轻化工大学机械学院，四川自贡 643000
  2.自贡自高阀门有限公司，四川自贡 643000
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.11949/0438-1157.20260293
  CLC： O352;O359
- Received：08 March 2026，
  
  Revised：2026-05-07，
  
  Accepted：07 May 2026，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
YU Xiangda, ZHOU Junchao, GU Caili, et al. Cavitation and vortex interaction mechanism and nonlinear flow characteristics of liquid hydrogen ball valves[J/OL]. CIESC Journal, 2026.
DOI：

YU Xiangda, ZHOU Junchao, GU Caili, et al. Cavitation and vortex interaction mechanism and nonlinear flow characteristics of liquid hydrogen ball valves[J/OL]. CIESC Journal, 2026. DOI： 10.11949/0438-1157.20260293.

摘要

球阀是液氢输送系统中的关键部件，当液氢流经阀芯节流区时，局部压力骤降会导致液氢汽化，产生的空泡在溃灭时不仅引发空化，更直接威胁系统安全与阀门寿命。针对液氢的超低温热效应以及其饱和蒸气压对温度变化的敏感性，基于原始的Schnerr-Sauer空化模型，结合气液能量平衡与Clausius-Clapeyron方程，提出一种更加适用于液氢介质的空化模型，并通过实验结果验证空化模型的准确性。详细观察并讨论了启闭过程中空化的产生、发展及溃灭等动态演化规律，揭示了空化现象与涡流结构之间的相互耦合作用关系，探讨了不同入口压力对空化的影响，并进一步量化了阀芯转速对涡旋演变的影响。研究结果表明，该流动过程具有显著的路径依赖性和非线性特征；较高的入口压力会明显增强空化强度并延长下游空穴流区，而阀芯转速主要影响下游涡流结构的演化速率。

Abstract

The ball valve is a key component in the liquid hydrogen delivery system. When the liquid hydrogen flows through the throttle area of the valve core

the local pressure drop will lead to the vaporization of the liquid hydrogen. The generated cavitation will not only cause cavitation when it collapses

but also directly threaten the system safety and valve life. Aiming at the ultra-low temperature thermal effect of liquid hydrogen and the sensitivity of its saturated vapor pressure to temperature change

based on the original Schnerr-Sauer cavitation model

combined with gas-liquid energy balance and Clausius-Clapeyron equation

a cavitation model more suitable for liquid hydrogen medium is proposed

and the accuracy of the cavitation model is verified by experimental results. The dynamic evolution law of cavitation generation

development and collapse during the opening and closing process was observed and discussed in detail. The coupling relationship between cavitation phenomenon and vortex structure was revealed. The influence of different inlet pressures on cavitation was discussed

and the influence of spool speed on vortex evolution was further quantified. The results show that the flow process has significant path dependence and nonlinear characteristics. Higher inlet pressure will significantly

关键词

Keywords

references

Li C C , Li H R , Yue H , et al . Flexibility value of multimodal hydrogen energy utilization in electric–hydrogen–thermal systems [J ] . Sustainability , 2024 , 16 ( 12 ): 4939 .

宋薇薇 , 杨凤田 , 项松 , 等 . 氢能飞机研制进展及产业化前景分析 [J ] . 中国工程科学 , 2023 , 25 ( 5 ): 192 - 201 .

Song W W , Yang F T , Xiang S , et al . Development progress and industrialization prospect of hydrogen-powered aircraft [J ] . Strategic Study of CAE , 2023 , 25 ( 5 ): 192 - 201 .

Cheli L , Guzzo G , Adolfo D , et al . Steady-state analysis of a natural gas distribution network with hydrogen injection to absorb excess renewable electricity [J ] . International Journal of Hydrogen Energy , 2021 , 46 ( 50 ): 25562 - 25577 .

翟庆伟 , 林锦辉 , 李彦锋 , 等 . 新型泵-热协同增压液氢加氢站系统㶲分析 [J ] . 化工学报 , 2025 , 76 ( 10 ): 5390 - 5401 .

Zhai Q W , Lin J H , Li Y F , et al . Exergy analysis of novel pump-thermal synergistic pressurization liquid hydrogen refueling station system [J ] . CIESC Journal , 2025 , 76 ( 10 ): 5390 - 5401 .

Seol H , Paik B-G . Correlation study between propeller noise and cavitation erosion with inclined propeller model test [J ] . The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea , 2019 , 38 ( 3 ): 328 - 333 .

Rong X , RuanY X , Liu X F , et al . Numerical study of the effects of injection fluctuations on liquid nitrogen spray cooling [J ] . Processes , 2019 , 7 ( 9 ): 564 .

陈家成 , 陈泰然 , 梁文栋 , 等 . 收缩扩张管内液氮空化流动演化过程试验研究 [J ] . 力学学报 , 2022 , 54 ( 5 ): 1242 - 1256 .

Chen J C , Chen T R , Liang W D , et al . Experimental study on the evolution of liquid nitrogen cavitating flows through converging-diverging nozzle [J ] . Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics , 2022 , 54 ( 5 ): 1242 - 1256 .

Liu M J , Li W , Li H M , et al . Numerical simulation of cryogenic cavitating flow by an extended transport-based cavitation model with thermal effects [J ] . Cryogenics , 2023 , 133 : 103697 .

Fan Y D , Chen T R , Liang W D , et al . Numerical and theoretical investigations of the cavitation performance and instability for the cryogenic inducer [J ] . Renewable Energy , 2022 , 184 : 291 - 305 .

Chen J C , Liang W D , Han L , et al . Numerical investigation of compressible cryogenic cavitating flows by a modified mass transport model [J ] . Physics of Fluids , 2023 , 35 ( 4 ): 043304 .

马壮 , 王世强 , 朱斌权 , 等 . 液压锥阀启闭过程及空化的研究 [J ] . 液压气动与密封 , 2024 , 44 ( 3 ): 36 - 41 .

Ma Z , Wang S Q , Zhu B Q , et al . Study on opening and closing process and cavitation of hydraulic cone valve [J ] . Hydraulics Pneumatics & Seals , 2024 , 44 ( 3 ): 36 - 41 .

李曼迪 . 液压锥阀空化机制及气蚀预测研究 [D ] . 秦皇岛 : 燕山大学 , 2025 .

Li M D . Research on the cavitation mechanism and cavitation erosion prediction of hydraulic poppet valves [D ] . Qinhuangdao : Yanshan University , 2025 .

Mu Y P , Liu M S , Ma Z X . Research on the measuring characteristics of a new design butterfly valve flowmeter [J ] . Flow Measurement and Instrumentation , 2019 , 70 : 101651 .

Zhang G , Wang K , Yu M , et al . Numerical analysis on dynamic evolution characteristics of cryogenic cavitation through a Venturi tube [J ] . Cryogenics , 2024 , 143 : 103937 .

Ito Y , Tsunoda A , Kurishita Y , et al . Experimental visualization of cryogenic backflow vortex cavitation with thermodynamic effects [J ] . Journal of Propulsion and Power , 2015 , 32 ( 1 ): 71 - 82 .

Tabrizi A S , Asadi M , Xie G , et al . Computational fluid-dynamics-based analysis of a ball valve performance in the presence of cavitation [J ] . Journal of Engineering Thermophysics , 2014 , 23 ( 1 ): 27 - 38 .

Iravani M , Toghraie D . Design a high-pressure test system to investigate the performance characteristics of ball valves in a compressible choked flow [J ] . Measurement , 2020 , 151 : 107200 .

Toghraie D , Khouzani H H . Experimental and numerical investigations of choked air flow and heat transfer in a ball valve for optimization the cross-sectional area [J ] . International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow , 2020 , 30 ( 5 ): 2705 - 2737 .

王俊鹏 , 冯佳琪 , 张恩搏 , 等 . 曲折式与阵列式迷宫阀芯结构内流动与空化特性研究 [J ] . 化工学报 , 2025 , 76 ( S1 ): 93 - 105, F 0003 .

Wang J P , Feng J Q , Zhang E B , et al . Study on flow and cavitation characteristic in zigzag and array labyrinth valve core structures [J ] . CIESC Journal , 2025 , 76 ( S1 ): 93 - 105, F 0003 .

Zhao L , Wu J Y , Jin Z J , et al . Cavitation effect on flow resistance of sleeve regulating valve [J ] . Flow Measurement amd Instrumentation , 2022 , 88 : 102259 .

Lin Z-H , Li J Y , Jin Z J , et al . Fluid dynamic analysis of liquefied natural gas flow through a cryogenic ball valve in liquefied natural gas receiving stations [J ] . Energy , 2021 , 226 ( C ): 120376 .

马静雯 , 王诗平 , 杨英狄 , 等 . 考虑热效应的空化流动研究进展 [J ] . 力学学报 , 2024 , 56 ( 8 ): 2165 - 2183 .

Ma J W , Wang S P , Yang Y D , et al . A review on cavitation flows considering thermal effects [J ] . Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics , 2024 , 56 ( 8 ): 2165 - 2183 .

时素果 , 王国玉 . 不同流体介质的空化热力学效应 [J ] . 船舶力学 , 2021 , 25 ( 3 ): 263 - 272 .

Shi S G , Wang G Y . Thermal effect on cavitation in different fluids [J ] . Journal of Ship Mechanics , 2021 , 25 ( 3 ): 263 - 272 .

Zhu J K , Xie H J , Feng K S , et al . Unsteady cavitation characteristics of liquid nitrogen flows through venturi tube [J ] . International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer , 2017 , 112 : 544 - 552 .

Hord J . Cavitation in liquid cryogens. 2: hydrofoil [R ] . NASA , 1973

何庆中 , 刘佳 , 陈雪峰 , 等 . 热力学效应对高温高压调节阀空化的影响 [J ] . 浙江工业大学学报 , 2020 , 48 ( 3 ): 350 - 354 .

He Q Z , Liu J , Chen X F , et al . Influence of thermodynamics effect on cavitation of high temperature and high pressure regulating valve [J ] . Journal of Zhejiang University of Technology , 2020 , 48 ( 3 ): 350 - 354 .

王永康 , 张敏第 , 陈泰然 , 等 . 热力学效应对液氢非定常空化流动的影响 [J ] . 航空动力学报 , 2018 , 33 ( 12 ): 2866 - 2876 .

Wang Y K , Zhang M D , Chen T R , et al . Effects of thermodynamic on unsteady cavitation flow of liquid hydrogen [J ] . Journal of Aerodynamics , 2018 , 33 ( 12 ): 2866 - 2876 .

Zhou X , Zhi X Q , Gao X , et al . Cavitation evolution and damage by liquid nitrogen in a globe valve [J ] . Journal of Zhejiang University: Science A , 2022 , 23 ( 2 ): 101 - 117 .

Liu X M , Song J Q , Li B B , et al . Experimental study on unsteady characteristics of the transient cavitation flow [J ] . Flow Measurement and Instrumentation , 2021 , 80 : 102008 .

Xiang L , Tan Y H , Chen H , et al . Numerical simulation of cryogenic cavitating flow in LRE oxygen turbopump inducer [J ] . Cryogenics , 2022 , 126 : 103540 .

Zhang G , Wang W W , Wu Z Y , et al . Effect of the opening degree on evolution of cryogenic cavitation through a butterfly valve [J ] . Energy , 2023 , 283 : 128543 .

Huang B , Wu Q , Wang G Y . Numerical investigation of cavitating flow in liquid hydrogen [J ] . International Journal of Hydrogen Energy , 2014 , 39 ( 4 ): 1698 - 1709 .

Brown O L I . The clausius-Clapeyron equation [J ] . Journal of Chemical Education , 1951 , 28 ( 8 ): 428 .

Liu C Q , Wang Y Q , Yang Y , et al . New omega vortex identification method [J ] . Science China Physics , Mechanics & Astronomy, 2016 , 59 ( 8 ): 684711 .

Views

下载量

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

提交

Tools

Publicity Resources

Study on flash evaporation characteristics as well as thermodynamic variation performance in liquid hydrogen tank during on-orbit venting

Numerical investigation of liquid hydrogen leakage and explosion overpressure at liquid hydrogen receiving terminal

Study on flow and cavitation characteristic in zigzag and array labyrinth valve core structures

Experimental and numerical simulation of ultrasonic cavitation microjet cleaning of heavy deposition in crude oil storage tank

Visual experimental study on cavitation of R134a in micro clearance

Related Author

LIANG Ge

LI Peng

LI Ke

SUN Peijie

WANG Lei

LI Yanzhong

PENG Jianbin

LI Ming

Related Institution

Shanghai Aerospace System Engineering

Department of Refrigeration and Cryogenic Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University

School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology

State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University

Sichuan Huayou Group Corporation Limited， PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company

⁰