Effect of fin structure on flow and heat transfer characteristics of a 2 K superfluid helium plate-fin heat exchanger

LI Cui; XIA Chengping; LIU Ruiqi; LI Yanzhong

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20260243

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Effect of fin structure on flow and heat transfer characteristics of a 2 K superfluid helium plate-fin heat exchanger

更新时间：2026-06-09

- Effect of fin structure on flow and heat transfer characteristics of a 2 K superfluid helium plate-fin heat exchanger
- CIESC Journal (2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院，陕西西安 710049
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.11949/0438-1157.20260243
  CLC： TQ051.5;TB66
- Received：18 February 2026，
  
  Revised：2026-06-08，
  
  Accepted：09 June 2026，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
LI Cui, XIA Chengping, LIU Ruiqi, et al. Effect of fin structure on flow and heat transfer characteristics of a 2 K superfluid helium plate-fin heat exchanger[J/OL]. CIESC Journal, 2026.
DOI：

LI Cui, XIA Chengping, LIU Ruiqi, et al. Effect of fin structure on flow and heat transfer characteristics of a 2 K superfluid helium plate-fin heat exchanger[J/OL]. CIESC Journal, 2026. DOI： 10.11949/0438-1157.20260243.

摘要

为探究2 K超流氦温区流动不均匀性对板翅式换热器性能的影响，采用数值模拟方法建立全尺寸三维模型，引入多孔介质方法并考虑氦的变物性，系统研究了冷热耦合、翅片节距及类型对流量分配与换热的影响。结果表明：冷热耦合效应使低压侧流动不均匀度较非耦合工况降低67.6%；锯齿翅片节距为10 mm时均匀性最优，换热效率随节距减小而增大，压降亦显著上升；锯齿翅片换热效率最高但压降最大，打孔翅片压降最小。综合考虑出口压降低于100 Pa的工程要求，建议优先选用打孔翅片或大节距锯齿翅片。研究结果为大型超流氦低温系统优化设计提供理论依据。

Abstract

As a critical component in large-scale particle colliders' superfluid helium cryogenic systems

the 2 K negative-pressure plate-fin heat exchanger directly determines overall operational efficiency. To elucidate the effects of flow maldistribution on the performance of plate-fin heat exchangers within the superfluid helium temperature regime

this study employs numerical simulation techniques. A full-scale three-dimensional model of a plate-fin heat exchanger is developed integrating the porous media approach

while accounting for the variations in helium’s thermophysical properties across the 2 K–4.5 K range. Systematic investigations are conducted to evaluate the impacts of thermal-hydraulic coupling

fin pitch

and fin type on flow distribution and heat transfer characteristics. Results indicate that the thermal-hydraulic coupling effect substantially enhances flow uniformity through a temperature-density-resistance feedback mechanism

reducing the flow maldistribution index on the low-pressure side by 67.6% relative to the non-coupled condition. Fin pitch exerts a significant influence on flow distribution

with optimal uniformity observed at a pitch of 10 mm. Heat transfer efficiency increases with decreasing fin pitch

albeit accompanied by a marked elevation in pressure drop. Among the fin types examined

the serrated fin achieves the highest heat transfer efficiency but incurs the largest pressure drop

the perforated fin exhibits the minimum pressure drop yet lower heat transfer efficiency

and the wavy fin demonstrates intermediate performance. Considering the engineering constraint of an outlet pressure drop below 100 Pa for superfluid helium cryogenic systems

the perforated fin or serrated fin with a larger pitch is recommended to achieve favorable heat transfer performance while meeting the pressure drop requirement. These findings offer a theoretical foundation for the efficient operation and optimal design of large-scale superfluid helium cryogenic systems.

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references

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