Research on high-efficiency and large-capacity liquid helium temperature range GM cryocooler

ZHOU Zhipo; MU Songsong; LI Ao; QU Fangjie; HE Hanjun; TAO Jie; DONG Wenqing

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20260239

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Research on high-efficiency and large-capacity liquid helium temperature range GM cryocooler

更新时间：2026-06-03

- Research on high-efficiency and large-capacity liquid helium temperature range GM cryocooler
- CIESC Journal Pages: 1-9(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.中船鹏力（南京）超低温技术有限公司，江苏南京 211106
  2.江苏省超低温技术及应用重点实验室，江苏南京 211106
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.11949/0438-1157.20260239
  CLC： TB 651
- Received：23 February 2026，
  
  Revised：2026-05-27，
  
  Online First：03 June 2026，
- 稿件说明：
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周志坡, 木松松, 李奥, 屈方杰, 何韩军, 陶杰, 董文庆. 高效大冷量液氦温区GM制冷机研究[J]. 化工学报,

ZHOU Zhipo, MU Songsong, LI Ao, QU Fangjie, HE Hanjun, TAO Jie, DONG Wenqing. Research on high-efficiency and large-capacity liquid helium temperature range GM cryocooler[J]. CIESC Journal,
周志坡, 木松松, 李奥, 屈方杰, 何韩军, 陶杰, 董文庆. 高效大冷量液氦温区GM制冷机研究[J]. 化工学报, DOI： 10.11949/0438-1157.20260239

ZHOU Zhipo, MU Songsong, LI Ao, QU Fangjie, HE Hanjun, TAO Jie, DONG Wenqing. Research on high-efficiency and large-capacity liquid helium temperature range GM cryocooler[J]. CIESC Journal, DOI： 10.11949/0438-1157.20260239

摘要

GM制冷机由于结构简单、运行可靠、高性价比等优点，在低温超导磁体、高端科学仪器等领域得到了广泛的应用，然而目前的制冷量已难以满足不断增长的低温环境使用需求。采用数值模拟与实验相结合的研究方法，系统研究了影响制冷机性能的关键因素。数值模拟结果显示，当冷端质量流由22g/s增至40g/s时，制冷量从4W增至7.3W，近似线性增长；当压力从1.35MPa增至1.75MPa（29.7%）时，制冷量仅增大7%，成弱相关性。实验结果表明充气压力越高，系统降温速率越快，充气压力从1.45 MPa增至1.65 MPa，降温速率由5.38 K/min增至6.58 K/min。该制冷机在流量分别为69Nm

/h和130Nm

/h下，在4.2K分别可以获得3.1W和5.4W制冷量，对应功耗分别为5.5kW和9.9 kW。最后研究了“一拖二”工况下不同充气压力下制冷机的性能，结果表明功耗8kW时，制冷量为6.1W@4.2K，功耗9.5kW时，制冷量为6.5W@4.2K。

Abstract

GM cryocoolers have been widely used in fields such as low-temperature superconducting magnets and advanced scientific instruments due to their simple structure

reliable operation

and high cost-effectiveness. However

the current cooling capacity is unable to meet the growing demand for low-temperature environments. Therefore

the key factors affecting the performance of the cryocoolers were systematically studied using a combination of numerical simulation and experiments. The numerical simulation results show that when the mass flow rate at the cold-head increases from 22 g/s to 40 g/s

the cooling capacity increases from 4 W to 7.3 W

exhibiting an approximately linear increase. In contrast

when the pressure increases from 1.35 MPa to 1.75 MPa (a 29.7% increase)

the cooling capacity only increases by 7%

indicating a weak dependence. The experimental results indicate that the higher the charging pressure

the faster the system's cooling rate. When the charging pressure increases from 1.45 MPa to 1.65 MPa

the cooling rate increases from 5.38 K/min to 6.58 K/min. At 4.2K

this cryocooler provides 3.1 W and 5.4 W of cooling capacity at flow rates o

f 69 Nm

/h and 130 Nm

/h respectively

with corresponding power consumption is 5.5 kW and 9.9 kW. Finally

the performance of the cryocoolers under the condition of one compressor driving two cold heads with different charging pressures was studied. The results show that when the power consumption is 8 kW

the cooling capacity at 4.2 K is 6.1W; when the power consumption is 9.5 kW

the cooling capacity at 4.2 K is 6.5W.

关键词

Keywords

references

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