Experimental study on GM-JT cryocooler system with large cooling capacity for vehicles

CUI Yunhao; ZHOU Wei; WANG Xiaotao; ZHANG Zhihua; CUI Chengfeng; ZHANG Yongwei

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20260213

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Experimental study on GM-JT cryocooler system with large cooling capacity for vehicles

更新时间：2026-04-28

- Experimental study on GM-JT cryocooler system with large cooling capacity for vehicles
- CIESC Journal (2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.高速飞车山西省实验室（超高速低真空管道磁浮交通系统山西省实验室），山西大同 038103
  2.中国科学院理化技术研究所低温科学与技术全国重点实验室，北京 100190
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.11949/0438-1157.20260213
  CLC： TB 651
- Received：11 February 2026，
  
  Revised：2026-04-23，
  
  Accepted：24 April 2026，
- 稿件说明：
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CUI Yunhao, ZHOU Wei, WANG Xiaotao, et al. Experimental study on GM-JT cryocooler system with large cooling capacity for vehicles[J/OL]. CIESC Journal, 2026.
DOI：

CUI Yunhao, ZHOU Wei, WANG Xiaotao, et al. Experimental study on GM-JT cryocooler system with large cooling capacity for vehicles[J/OL]. CIESC Journal, 2026. DOI： 10.11949/0438-1157.20260213.

摘要

低温超导电动悬浮系统中的超导磁体需采用液氦构建4.2 K低温环境，实现高强磁场保证车体悬浮。采用吉福德-麦克马洪（Gifford-Mcmahon

GM）制冷机预冷的焦耳-汤姆逊（Joule-Thomson

JT）制冷机结合了回热式与节流式制冷，具有效率高、冷量大、空间利用率高、冷端无运动部件和冷量长距离传输等优势，是低温超导磁体最佳制冷方案。对GM-JT制冷系统开展了理论分析和实验测试研究，首先介绍制冷流程的工作原理，接着理论分析预冷温度和高压压力对制冷流程的影响规律，其次开展核心设备线下性能输出测试，最后搭建低温测试平台，完成制冷机性能测试。经测得，GM-JT制冷机可实现7.4 W@4.16 K制冷量，输入功耗为11.5 kW，相对卡诺效率为4.51%。本研究为低温超导电动悬浮系统工程化研制奠定基础。

Abstract

In the low-temperature superconducting electromagnetic suspension system

superconducting magnets need to be constructed with liquid helium to create a 4.2 K low-temperature environment to achieve a strong magnetic field and ensure the levitation of the vehicle body. The Joule-Thomson (JT) cryocooler precooled by Gifford-Mcmahon (GM) cryocooler combines the performance characteristics of regenerative cooling and throttling cooling in different operation temperature zones. It features high cooling efficiency

large cooling capacity

high space utilization

no moving parts at the low-temperature end and the ability to transport cooling capacity over long distances

making it the best cooling solution for low-temperature superconducting magnets. This paper carried out theoretical analysis and experimental testing research on the GM-JT cryocooler system. Firstly

it introduces the working principle of the GM-JT cooling process. Then

based on the cooling target requirements

it analyzes the influence laws of secondary pre-cooling temperature and high-pressure pressure on the cooling process. Next

it conducts offline performance tests of the GM pre-cooling cryocooler and the JT compressor separately. Finally

it builds a low-temperature testing platform and completes the cooling performance test of the cryocooler. It has been measured that the GM-JT cooling system can achieve a cooling capacity of 7.4 W at 4.2 K

with an input power of 11.3 kW and a relative Carnot efficiency of 4.48%. This research lays a technical foundation for the engineering development of the low-temperature superconducting electromagnetic suspension system.

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