Simulation and optimization of phase change-convection coupled thermal management system for lithium-ion battery packs

ZHANG Xu; YANG Daoming; AKBAR Ali; LI Ping; YE Guanghua; ZHOU Xinggui

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20251461

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

Simulation and optimization of phase change-convection coupled thermal management system for lithium-ion battery packs

更新时间：2026-03-06

- Simulation and optimization of phase change-convection coupled thermal management system for lithium-ion battery packs
- CIESC Journal Pages: 1-16(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  华东理工大学化学工程与低碳技术全国重点实验室，上海 200237
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.11949/0438-1157.20251461
  CLC： TM 912
- Received：25 December 2025，
  
  Revised：2026-03-05，
  
  Online First：06 March 2026，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
张旭, 杨道明, 阿里·阿克巴, 李平, 叶光华, 周兴贵. 锂离子电池组相变-对流耦合热管理系统的模拟及优化[J]. 化工学报,

ZHANG Xu, YANG Daoming, AKBAR Ali, LI Ping, YE Guanghua, ZHOU Xinggui. Simulation and optimization of phase change-convection coupled thermal management system for lithium-ion battery packs[J]. CIESC Journal,
张旭, 杨道明, 阿里·阿克巴, 李平, 叶光华, 周兴贵. 锂离子电池组相变-对流耦合热管理系统的模拟及优化[J]. 化工学报, DOI： 10.11949/0438-1157.20251461

ZHANG Xu, YANG Daoming, AKBAR Ali, LI Ping, YE Guanghua, ZHOU Xinggui. Simulation and optimization of phase change-convection coupled thermal management system for lithium-ion battery packs[J]. CIESC Journal, DOI： 10.11949/0438-1157.20251461

摘要

电池组热管理系统是保障高功率锂离子电池安全稳定运行的核心关键技术，其中基于相变材料（PCM）的相变-对流耦合热管理系统是目前重点研发方向之一。建立了锂离子电池组PCM-空气和PCM-水耦合冷却系统的仿真模型，并对比了这些热管理系统与传统空气和水冷却系统的性能差异。模拟结果显示，相较于传统空气冷却系统，PCM-空气耦合冷却系统的平均温度和最高温度在4 C高放电倍率下，分别降低40.8 ℃和49.7 ℃；对比传统水冷系统，PCM-水耦合冷却系统在4 C下，也能使电池平均温度与最高温度降低11.9 ℃和24.0 ℃。针对PCM-空气和PCM-水耦合冷却系统，进一步研究了流体流速、放电倍率等操作条件，以及PCM厚度、形状、流道设计等结构参数对冷却性能的影响，获得了较优的操作条件和结构参数。这些研究结果可为锂离子电池组热管理系统的设计开发提供强大的模型工具和实用的理论基础。

Abstract

Battery thermal management systems represent core technologies for ensuring the safe and stable operation of high-power lithium-ion batteries. Among these

phase change-convection coupled thermal management systems utilizing phase change materials (PCM) are currently a key research focus. This paper establishes simulation models for PCM-air and PCM-water coupled cooling systems in lithium-ion battery packs

comparing their performance against conventional air and water cooling systems. Simulation results indicate that compared to conventional air cooling systems

the PCM-air coupled cooling system reduces average and peak temperatures by 40.8 ℃ and 49.7 ℃

respectively

at a 4 C high discharge rate. When compared to traditional water cooling systems

the PCM-water coupled cooling system also lowers battery average and peak temperatures by 11.9 ℃ and 24.0 ℃ at 4 C. For both PCM-air and PCM-water coupled cooling systems

further investigations examine the influence of operational conditions—such as fluid flow rate and discharge rate—along with structural parameters including PCM thickness

shape

and flow channel design on cooling performance. Optimal operational conditions and structural parameters are identified. These findings provide robust modeling tools and practical theoretical foundations for the design and development of thermal management systems for lithium-ion battery packs.

关键词

Keywords

references

Franco A A , Rucci A , Brandell D , et al . Boosting rechargeable batteries R&D by multiscale modeling: myth or reality? [J ] . Chemical Reviews , 2019 , 119 ( 7 ): 4569 - 4627 .

Khan F M N U , Rasul M G , Sayem A S M , et al . Design and optimization of lithium-ion battery as an efficient energy storage device for electric vehicles: a comprehensive review [J ] . Journal of Energy Storage , 2023 , 71 : 108033 .

丁徐强 , 陶琦 , 罗鹰 . 锂离子电池在新能源汽车中的设计及应用 [J ] . 储能科学与技术 , 2023 , 12 ( 5 ): 1751 - 1752 .

Ding X Q , Tao Q , Luo Y . Design and application of lithium-ion battery in new energy vehicles [J ] . Energy Storage Science and Technology , 2023 , 12 ( 5 ): 1751 - 1752 .

陈瑶 , 詹森 , 黄文姣 , 等 . 锂离子电池液冷散热通道拓扑优化设计研究 [J ] . 汽车工程学报 , 2025 , 15 ( 4 ): 567 - 577 .

Chen Y , Zhan S , Huang W J , et al . Study on the topology optimization design of liquid cooling heat dissipation channels for lithium-ion batteries [J ] . Chinese Journal of Automotive Engineering , 2025 , 15 ( 4 ): 567 - 577 .

Wang Q S , Ping P , Zhao X J , et al . Thermal runaway caused fire and explosion of lithium ion battery [J ] . Journal of Power Sources , 2012 , 208 : 210 - 224 .

Yuksel T , Litster S , Viswanathan V , et al . Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle LiFePO 4 batt ery life implications of thermal management, driving conditions, and regional climate [J ] . Journal of Power Sources , 2017 , 338 : 49 - 64 .

Chen K , Chen Y M , Li Z Y , et al . Design of the cell spacings of battery pack in parallel air-cooled battery thermal management system [J ] . International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer , 2018 , 127 : 393 - 401 .

Jiang Z Y , Qu Z G . Lithium–ion battery thermal management using heat pipe and phase change material during discharge–charge cycle: a comprehensive numerical study [J ] . Applied Energy , 2019 , 242 : 378 - 392 .

Saw L H , Ye Y H , Tay A A O , et al . Computational fluid dynamic and thermal analysis of Lithium-ion battery pack with air cooling [J ] . Applied Energy , 2016 , 177 : 783 - 792 .

Park H . A design of air flow configuration for cooling lithium ion battery in hybrid electric vehicles [J ] . Journal of Power Sources , 2013 , 239 : 30 - 36 .

Ali H M . Thermal management systems for batteries in electric vehicles: a recent review [J ] . Energy Reports , 2023 , 9 : 5545 - 5564 .

Kim J , Oh J , Lee H . Review on battery thermal management system for electric vehicles [J ] . Applied Thermal Engineering , 2019 , 149 : 192 - 212 .

Chen K , Chen Y M , She Y Q , et al . Construction of effective symmetrical air-cooled system for battery thermal management [J ] . Applied Thermal Engineering , 2020 , 166 : 114679 .

Wang H T , Tao T , Xu J , et al . Cooling capacity of a novel modular liquid-cooled battery thermal management system for cylindrical lithium ion batteries [J ] . Applied Thermal Engineering , 2020 , 178 : 115591 .

Wu W X , Liu J Z , Liu M , et al . An innovative battery thermal management with thermally induced flexible phase change material [J ] . Energy Conversion and Management , 2020 , 221 : 113145 .

Choudhari V G , Dhoble A S , Panchal S . Numerical analysis of different fin structures in phase change material module for battery thermal management system and its optimization [J ] . International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer , 2020 , 163 : 120434 .

Chen K , Song M X , Wei W , et al . Structure optimization of parallel air-cooled battery thermal management system with U-type flow for cooling efficiency improvement [J ] . Energy , 2018 , 145 : 603 - 613 .

Zhao C R , Cao W J , Dong T , et al . Thermal behavior study of discharging/charging cylindrical lithium-ion battery module cooled by channeled liquid flow [J ] . International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer , 2018 , 120 : 751 - 762 .

Ianniciello L , Biwolé P H , Achard P . Electric vehicles batteries thermal management systems employing phase change materials [J ] . Journal of Power Sources , 2018 , 378 : 383 - 403 .

Wu W X , Yang X Q , Zhang G Q , et al . Experimental investigation on the thermal performance of heat pipe-assisted phase change material based battery thermal management system [J ] . Energy Conversion and Management , 2017 , 138 : 486 - 492 .

Pesaran A A . Battery thermal models for hybrid vehicle simulations [J ] . Journal of Power Sources , 2002 , 110 ( 2 ): 377 - 382 .

Yuan H , Wang L F , Wang L Y . Battery thermal management system with liquid cooling and heating in electric vehicles [J ] . Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy , 2012 , 3 ( 4 ): 371 - 380 .

Lazrak A , Fourmigué J F , Robin J F . An innovative practical battery thermal management system based on phase change materials: Numerical and experimental investigations [J ] . Applied Thermal Engineering , 2018 , 128 : 20 - 32 .

李佳辉 , 董志辉 , 殷振波 , 等 . 相变材料-液冷复合式锂离子电池组散热性能研究 [J ] . 汽车零部件 , 2025 ( 3 ): 1 - 6 .

Li J H , Dong Z H , Yin Z B , et al . Study on heat dissipation performance of phase-change liquid-cooling composite lithium-ion battery pack [J ] . Automobile Parts , 2025 ( 3 ): 1 - 6 .

张佩 , 杨柳青 . 锂离子电池热管理技术研究进展 [J ] . 河南科技 , 2024 , 51 ( 15 ): 81 - 84 .

Zhang P , Yang L Q . Research progress of thermal management technology for lithium-ion batteries [J ] . Journal of Henan Science and Technology , 2024 , 51 ( 15 ): 81 - 84 .

An Z G , Chen X , Zhao L , et al . Numerical investigation on integrated thermal management for a lithium-ion battery module with a composite phase change material and liquid cooling [J ] . Applied Thermal Engineering , 2019 , 163 : 114345 .

Mehrabi-Kermani M , Houshfar E , Ashjaee M . A novel hybrid thermal management for Li-ion batteries using phase change materials embedded in copper foams combined with forced-air convection [J ] . International Journal of Thermal Sciences , 2019 , 141 : 47 - 61 .

Lei S R , Shi Y , Chen G Y . A lithium-ion battery-thermal-management design based on phase-change-material thermal storage and spray cooling [J ] . Applied Thermal Engineering , 2020 , 168 : 114792 .

Kahwaji S , Johnson M B , Kheirabadi A C , et al . A comprehensive study of properties of paraffin phase change materials for solar thermal energy storage and thermal management applications [J ] . Energy , 2018 , 162 : 1169 - 1182 .

Bernardi D , Pawlikowski E , Newman J . A general energy balance for battery systems [J ] . Journal of the Electrochemical Society , 1985 , 132 ( 1 ): 5 - 12 .

Bandhauer T M , Garimella S , Fuller T F . Temperature-dependent electrochemical heat generation in a commercial lithium-ion battery [J ] . Journal of Power Sources , 2014 , 247 : 618 - 628 .

Smith K , Wang C Y . Power and thermal characterization of a lithium-ion battery pack for hybrid-electric vehicles [J ] . Journal of Power Sources , 2006 , 160 ( 1 ): 662 - 673 .

Park C , Jaura A K . Dynamic thermal model of li-ion battery for predictive behavior in hybrid and fuel cell vehicles [C ] //SAE International. Hybrid Vehicle and Energy Storage Technologies (SP-1789) . Costa Mesa, California : SAE International , 2003 .

Wang C Y , Li C L , Wang G F , et al . Fast identification method for thermal model parameters of lithium-ion battery based on discharge temperature rise [J ] . Journal of Energy Storage , 2021 , 44 : 103362 .

Huang Q Q , Li X X , Zhang G Q , et al . Experimental investigation of the thermal performance of heat pipe assisted phase change material for battery thermal management system [J ] . Applied Thermal Engineering , 2018 , 141 : 1092 - 1100 .

Views

下载量

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

提交

Tools

Publicity Resources

Simulation and optimization of battery performance based on the electrochemical model

Study on synergistic modification of nitrogen-doped carbon coating and Ti⁴⁺ co-doping for lithium vanadium phosphate cathode materials

Study on impact of impurities in coal chemical waste salt on solvation of NaCl and Na2SO4

Research progress on modification strategies and applications of water-based binders for lithium-ion batteries

Construction of a multi-physics coupling model for lithium-ion batteries based on strain response

Related Author

ZHAO Jing

DONG Shuchen

LI Gaoyang

HUANG Youke

SHI Haosen

MIAO Shuwen

TAN Chenyan

ZHU Tangqi

Related Institution

Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power

School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology

School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology

Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation

Institute of Resourees and Environental Engineering, Shanxi University

⁰