Performance analysis of spray-ventilation hybrid cooling system for power battery packs

CHANG Yipeng; CHEN Guansheng; SONG Yuxin; DENG Mingwei; LU Yikang

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20251412

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Performance analysis of spray-ventilation hybrid cooling system for power battery packs

更新时间：2026-04-27

- Performance analysis of spray-ventilation hybrid cooling system for power battery packs
- CIESC Journal Pages: 1-11(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  广东工业大学材料与能源学院，广东广州 510006
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.11949/0438-1157.20251412
  CLC： U 469.72;TK 124
- Received：15 December 2025，
  
  Revised：2026-04-26，
  
  Online First：27 April 2026，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
常奕芃, 陈观生, 宋禹昕, 邓明炜, 卢毅康. 动力电池组喷雾通风复合冷却系统性能分析[J]. 化工学报,

CHANG Yipeng, CHEN Guansheng, SONG Yuxin, DENG Mingwei, LU Yikang. Performance analysis of spray-ventilation hybrid cooling system for power battery packs[J]. CIESC Journal,
常奕芃, 陈观生, 宋禹昕, 邓明炜, 卢毅康. 动力电池组喷雾通风复合冷却系统性能分析[J]. 化工学报, DOI： 10.11949/0438-1157.20251412

CHANG Yipeng, CHEN Guansheng, SONG Yuxin, DENG Mingwei, LU Yikang. Performance analysis of spray-ventilation hybrid cooling system for power battery packs[J]. CIESC Journal, DOI： 10.11949/0438-1157.20251412

摘要

动力电池风冷系统虽结构简单，但存在电池模组内部温度过高、温度均匀性差等问题。本文在现有风冷结构基础上增设喷雾装置，利用水雾在电池模组气流通道内的蒸发吸热特性提升冷却效率，建立了动力电池喷雾通风冷却的数学模型，重点研究喷嘴布置方式、喷雾量、雾滴粒径、风速及环境温度对冷却性能的影响。结果表明，与传统风冷相比，喷雾通风冷却能显著降低电池模组的最高温度与平均温度，同时提升模组内部温度的均匀性；随着喷雾量的增大虽然可以降低电池模组温度，但会对温度均匀性产生不利影响；雾滴粒径对冷却效率影响显著，不同风速与雾滴粒径组合会对电池温度有影响。综合冷却效果与最大温差考虑，40 µm的雾滴粒径最符合电池组冷却需求；当环境温度低于305 K时3.72 g/（Ah·h）的喷雾量可实现高效冷却。该研究成果为喷雾辅助强制风冷系统的设计提供了重要参考，对电动汽车高效热管理方案的研发具有积极意义。

Abstract

The air-cooling system for power batteries

characterized by its simplicity

faces challenges with high temperatures and poor uniformity within the battery module. This paper enhances the existing air-cooling framework by incorporating a spray device

leveraging the evaporation and heat absorption of water mist in the airflow channel of the battery module to improve cooling efficiency. A mathematical model for spray ventilation cooling of power batteries has been developed

focusing on the effect of nozzle arrangement

spray flow rate

droplet size

air velocity

and ambient temperature on the cooling performance. The results show that spray ventilation cooling significantly reduces both the maximum and average temperatures of the battery module compared to conventional air cooling

also enhancing temperature uniformity across the module. However

an increase in spray flow rate can lower the temperature of the battery module but may adversely affect temperature uniformity. The effect of droplet size on cooling efficiency is significant

with different air velocities and droplet sizes impacting battery temperatures. Considering both the cooling performance and the maximum temperature difference

a droplet size of 40 µm best meets the cooling requirements of the battery pack. For ambient temperatures below 305 K

a spray flow rate of 3.72 g/(Ah·h) achieves an effective cooling effect. These insights provide valuable guidance for the design of spray-assisted forced air cooling systems and contribute to the development of efficient thermal management solutions for electric vehicles.

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