With acidic fermentation production of sewage treatment plant sludge as carbon source for sulfate-reducing bacteria（SRB），the technological characteristics and influence factors of biological treatment of acid mine drainage（AMD）in the expanded granular sludge bed（EGSB）reactor were investigated.The results showed that acidic fermentation supernatant of sewage plant sludge could be a suitable carbon source for SRB.At normal temperature（20℃），when SO42- concentration was 3000 mg·L-1 and pH value was 3.0 in AMD，liquid up-flow velocity was 5.0 m·h-1 and hydraulic retention time was 13.8 h in the EGSB reactor，COD/SO42- ratio was about 1.0，influent SO42- loading was 5.22 kg SO42-·m-3·d-1，SRB reduction capacity could reach 3.32 kg SO42-·m-3·d-1 and specific reduction capacity could reach 0.356 kg SO42-·(kg VSS)-1·d-1.At this point pH value in treated effluent of AMD could be up to 6.0，SO42- reduction efficiency was 63.6%，COD removal efficiency was 45.1% and removal efficiency of heavy metals（Fe2+，Mn2+，Ni2+，Zn2+，Cu2+）were all more than 89%.The pH values and heavy metal ions concentrations in the effluent could both meet discharge standard.