富氢气氛对高炉焦炭溶损行为的影响机制与应对策略研究进展

颜井冲; 雷顺祥; 雷智平; 李占库; 张维东; 康士刚; 燕小标; 任世彪; 王知彩; 水恒福

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20260454

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富氢气氛对高炉焦炭溶损行为的影响机制与应对策略研究进展

综述与专论 | 更新时间：2026-10-14

- 富氢气氛对高炉焦炭溶损行为的影响机制与应对策略研究进展
- Research progress on influence mechanism and countermeasures of coke solution loss behavior in hydrogen-enriched blast furnace
- 化工学报 2026年77卷第9期页码：5056-5075
- 作者机构：
  
  安徽工业大学化学与化工学院，安徽省煤清洁转化与低碳利用重点实验室，安徽马鞍山 243002
- 作者简介：
  
  颜井冲（1987—），男，博士，教授，jcyan@ahut.edu.cn
  水恒福（1965—），男，博士，教授，shhf@ahut.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金项目(22578002;22578003;22678003);安徽省自然科学基金项目(2308085Y19)
- DOI：10.11949/0438-1157.20260454
  中图分类号： TQ 520.1
- 收稿：2026-04-01，
  
  修回：2026-07-05，
  
  纸质出版：2026-09-25
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
颜井冲, 雷顺祥, 雷智平, 李占库, 张维东, 康士刚, 燕小标, 任世彪, 王知彩, 水恒福. 富氢气氛对高炉焦炭溶损行为的影响机制与应对策略研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2026, 77(9): 5056-5075

YAN Jingchong, LEI Shunxiang, LEI Zhiping, LI Zhanku, ZHANG Weidong, KANG Shigang, YAN Xiaobiao, REN Shibiao, WANG Zhicai, SHUI Hengfu. Research progress on influence mechanism and countermeasures of coke solution loss behavior in hydrogen-enriched blast furnace[J]. CIESC Journal, 2026, 77(9): 5056-5075
颜井冲, 雷顺祥, 雷智平, 李占库, 张维东, 康士刚, 燕小标, 任世彪, 王知彩, 水恒福. 富氢气氛对高炉焦炭溶损行为的影响机制与应对策略研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2026, 77(9): 5056-5075 DOI： 10.11949/0438-1157.20260454.

YAN Jingchong, LEI Shunxiang, LEI Zhiping, LI Zhanku, ZHANG Weidong, KANG Shigang, YAN Xiaobiao, REN Shibiao, WANG Zhicai, SHUI Hengfu. Research progress on influence mechanism and countermeasures of coke solution loss behavior in hydrogen-enriched blast furnace[J]. CIESC Journal, 2026, 77(9): 5056-5075 DOI： 10.11949/0438-1157.20260454.

摘要

在高炉风口区喷吹富氢气体，即富氢高炉技术，可降低高炉炼铁的碳耗与CO

排放，同时也改变了炉内环境，对焦炭溶损行为带来新的挑战。对富氢气氛下焦炭溶损反应的热力学与动力学基础、结构演变规律及其溶损机制进行了总结，并提出了应对策略。研究表明，当H

浓度较低（

10%）时，其通过与CO

竞争活性吸附位而抑制反应；而当浓度较高时（

20%），H

通过逆水煤气变换反应生成H

O，从而加速焦炭溶损反应。这是由于相较于CO

，H

O的分子动力学直径更小、吸附能更低，且氧化性更强，使得H

O的气化起始温度较CO

低约50℃，气化反应速率为CO

的2~4倍，界面反应在更宽的温度范围内主导气化反应进行。采用非等摩尔扩散的Maxwell-Stefan方程可较好地描述多组分气体在焦炭内的扩散行为。富氢气氛下焦炭的降解与传统高炉内溶损行为不同：富氢气氛下原位生成的H

O使得焦炭表层优先溶蚀，形成表层多孔而内部致密的结构；焦炭结构中的无定形碳在H

O气化中优先参与反应而被消耗，使得残留碳的微晶有序度相对升高，呈现“反应诱导石墨化”的趋势；焦炭冷/热态强度均随气化反应程度加深而显著下降。优化配煤、添加煤热溶物等黏结剂及铁焦技术等均有助于提升焦炭对H

O的抗侵蚀能力。传统的焦炭反应性（CRI）和反应后强度（CSR）指标在富氢气氛下适用性存疑，亟须构建面向H

O/CO

混合气氛的新评价体系。针对多组分气体竞争吸附机理不明、焦炭溶损与铁矿石还原耦合效应研究不足等局限，未来应重点关注复杂气氛的相互影响、原位动态表征、跨尺度建模及高炉操作-焦炭性能协同优化研究，为富氢高炉低碳冶炼提供理论支撑。

Abstract

Injecting hydrogen-rich gases through tuyeres

i.e

hydrogen-enriched blast furnace technology

can reduce carbon consumption and CO

emissions. However

the introduction of a hydrogen-rich atmosphere profoundly alters the in-furnace environment

posing challenges to coke performance. This paper reviews the

thermodynamic and kinetic basis

structural evolution laws

and dissolution mechanisms of coke solution loss reaction (SLR) under hydrogen-rich atmospheres

and proposes countermeasures. The results show that H

inhibits SLR by competing with CO

for active sites at low concentrations (

10%)

while promoting SLR by generating H

O through the reversed water-gas shift reaction at high concentrations (

20%). Compared to CO

the molecular diameter of H

O is smaller

its adsorption energy is lower

and its oxidizing property is stronger

thus the SLR of coke with H

O is more favorable than that with CO

specifically

the initial reaction temperature is approximately 50℃ lower and a reaction rate is 2—4 times greater than that with CO

. The SLR with H

O is dominated by interfacial chemical reactions over a wider temperature range. The non-equimolar diffusion model based on the Maxwell-Stefan equation can accurately describe the mutual diffusion behavior of multicomponent gases. Coke degradation behavior under a hydrogen-rich atmosphere is different from that in conventional blast furnace

i.e

O causes preferential surface dissolution

forming a porous surface but dense interior structure; it preferentially consumes amorphous carbon

leading to a relative increase in the order degree of residual carbon crystallites that can be termed as “reaction-induced graphitization”; both cold and hot strength of coke decrease significantly with rising SLR degree. In terms of countermeasures

optimizing coal blending scheme

adding binders such as thermal dissolution soluble fractions of coal

and ferro-coke technology show potential for improving coke resistance to H

O erosion. However

the applicability of traditional CRI/CSR indices under a hydrogen-rich atmosphere is questionable

and a new evaluation system tailored for H

O/CO

mixed atmospheres is urgently

needed. In view of current research limitations

such as unclear mechanisms of competitive adsorption of multicomponent gas in complex atmospheres and insufficient research on the coupling effect between coke SLR and iron ore reduction

future efforts should focus on SLR tests under complex atmosphere

situ

dynamic characterization

multi-scale modeling

and synergistic optimization of blast furnace and coke

to provide theoretical support for low-carbon smelting in hydrogen-rich blast furnaces.

关键词

Keywords

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