木质素衍生物制备高密度特种燃料研究进展

呼延成; 张旭; 谭艳红; 曹景沛

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20251416

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木质素衍生物制备高密度特种燃料研究进展

综述与专论 | 更新时间：2026-08-21

- 木质素衍生物制备高密度特种燃料研究进展
- Research progress on preparing high-density specialty fuels from lignin derivatives
- 化工学报 2026年77卷第7期页码：3691-3711
- 作者机构：
  
  中国矿业大学江苏省碳资源清洁利用重点实验室，江苏徐州 221008
- 作者简介：
  
  呼延成（1989—），男，博士，教授，ychu@cumt.edu.cn
  曹景沛（1983—），男，博士，教授，caojingpei@cumt.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2023QN1009)
- DOI：10.11949/0438-1157.20251416
  中图分类号： TQ 031.2
- 收稿：2025-12-16，
  
  修回：2026-01-29，
  
  网络首发：2026-08-20，
  
  纸质出版：2026-07-25
- 稿件说明：
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呼延成, 张旭, 谭艳红, 曹景沛. 木质素衍生物制备高密度特种燃料研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2026, 77(7): 3691-3711

HUYAN Cheng, ZHANG Xu, TAN Yanhong, CAO Jingpei. Research progress on preparing high-density specialty fuels from lignin derivatives[J]. CIESC Journal, 2026, 77(7): 3691-3711
呼延成, 张旭, 谭艳红, 曹景沛. 木质素衍生物制备高密度特种燃料研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2026, 77(7): 3691-3711 DOI： 10.11949/0438-1157.20251416.

HUYAN Cheng, ZHANG Xu, TAN Yanhong, CAO Jingpei. Research progress on preparing high-density specialty fuels from lignin derivatives[J]. CIESC Journal, 2026, 77(7): 3691-3711 DOI： 10.11949/0438-1157.20251416.

摘要

高密度特种燃料因具有高能量密度、低冰点等优异性能，对提升飞行器航程、载荷与机动性具有关键意义，是国防航空领域的战略性能源。目前，此类燃料主要依赖石油资源，在“碳达峰、碳中和”背景下，开发可再生替代路线尤为迫切。木质素作为木质纤维素中富含芳环结构的主要组分之一，尚未得到高效利用，其独特的环状骨架为构建高密度燃料提供了理想前体。本文系统综述了木质素平台化合物（如苯酚类、苯甲醛类、苯醌、环己酮等）转化为高密度特种燃料的研究进展，重点阐述了烷基化、羟醛缩合、Diels‑Alder反应、迈克尔加成等构建多环燃料前体的方法，并分析了当前合成过程中面临的挑战。未来研究需关注燃料分子结构与性能之间的构效关系，以突破高密度、高热值、低冰点难以兼具的瓶颈，还应开展全生命周期碳排放分析和技术经济性评估，为技术可持续性与产业化决策提供支撑。本综述旨在为木质素基高密度特种燃料的研究提供参考，并为其可持续开发提供思路。

Abstract

High-density specialty fuels

possessing high energy density and low freezing point

are strategic energy sources in aviation and national defense. They can effectively enhance the flight range

payload capacity and maneuverability of aircrafts. Currently

these fuels mainly rely on petroleum resources. Under the background of "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality"

the development of renewable alternative routes is particularly urgent. Lignin

a major component of lignocellulose

is rich in aromatic structures and represents an ideal precursor for constructing high-density specialty fuels. This paper systematically reviews research progress in convert

ing lignin-derived platform compounds (

phenols

benzaldehydes

benzoquinones and cyclohexanone) into high-density specialty fuels. It highlights methods for constructing polycyclic fuel precursors

including alkylation

aldol condensation

Diels-Alder reaction and Michael addition. Furthermore

current challenges in the synthetic process are discussed. Future efforts should be directed towards understanding structure-property relationships to simultaneously achieve high density

high heating value and low freezing point. It is also essential to conduct life-cycle analysis and techno-economic assessment to support the sustainability and industrial decision-making of the technology. This review aims to provide a reference for research on lignin-based high-density fuels and offer insights for their sustainable development.

关键词

Keywords

references

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