咪唑类离子液体过冷行为的机制与调控

陈程磊; 李琦; 王宜; 何锦燊; 吴玉庭

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20251247

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咪唑类离子液体过冷行为的机制与调控

综述与专论 | 更新时间：2026-06-18

- 咪唑类离子液体过冷行为的机制与调控
- Mechanism and regulation of supercooling behavior in imidazolium-based ionic liquids
- 化工学报 2026年77卷第5期页码：2396-2412
- 作者机构：
  
  北京工业大学新能源学院，传热与能源利用北京市重点实验室，国家能源用户侧储能创新研发中心，北京 100124
- 作者简介：
  
  陈程磊（2002—），男，硕士研究生，15735563092@emails.bjut.edu.cn
  李琦（1987—），女，博士，副教授，liqi@bjut.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金项目(52406214)
- DOI：10.11949/0438-1157.20251247
  中图分类号： TK 02
- 收稿：2025-11-10，
  
  修回：2026-01-23，
  
  纸质出版：2026-05-25
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
陈程磊, 李琦, 王宜, 何锦燊, 吴玉庭. 咪唑类离子液体过冷行为的机制与调控[J]. 化工学报, 2026, 77(5): 2396-2412

CHEN Chenglei, LI Qi, WANG Yi, HE Jinshen, WU Yuting. Mechanism and regulation of supercooling behavior in imidazolium-based ionic liquids[J]. CIESC Journal, 2026, 77(5): 2396-2412
陈程磊, 李琦, 王宜, 何锦燊, 吴玉庭. 咪唑类离子液体过冷行为的机制与调控[J]. 化工学报, 2026, 77(5): 2396-2412 DOI： 10.11949/0438-1157.20251247.

CHEN Chenglei, LI Qi, WANG Yi, HE Jinshen, WU Yuting. Mechanism and regulation of supercooling behavior in imidazolium-based ionic liquids[J]. CIESC Journal, 2026, 77(5): 2396-2412 DOI： 10.11949/0438-1157.20251247.

摘要

咪唑类离子液体作为中低温相变储能材料，其相变过程中的过冷现象严重制约了在实际储能系统中的响应速度与稳定性。本文系统地探讨了咪唑类离子液体过冷行为的形成机理及其调控方法，主要从热力学与动力学角度分析了阳离子烷基链长度、阴离子种类、分子对称性、黏度及氢键网络等因素对过冷行为的影响机制。研究表明，烷基链增长可增强范德华相互作用，提高熔融焓与熔点，从而降低成核能垒，抑制过冷；阴离子的尺寸、对称性与氢键接受能力通过调控局域结构有序性影响结晶倾向。此外，本文进一步总结了成核剂与聚合物引入、孔隙限域以及纳米颗粒复合等多种有效调控方法降低过冷度。最后，针对咪唑类离子液体过冷行为的实际应用进行了探讨。

Abstract

Imidazolium-based ionic liquids have garnered widespread attention as medium- and low-temperature phase change energy storage materials due to their advantages such as a broad liquid temperature range

tunable structure

and good thermal stability. However

the supercooling phenomenon during their phase transition process severely restricts their response speed and cycling stability in practical energy storage systems. This paper systematically explores the formation mechanism and regulation methods of supercooling behavior in imidazolium-based ionic liquids. The influence of factors such as alkyl chain length of the cationic group

anion type

molecular symmetry

viscosity

and hydrogen bond network on supercooling behavior is mainly analyzed from thermodynamic and kinetic perspectives. Researches indicate that increasing the alkyl chain length enhances van der Waals interactions

raises the enthalpy of fusion and melting point

thereby reducing the nucleation energy barrier and suppressing supercooling. The size

symmetry

and hydrogen-bond accepting ability of anions influence the crystallization tendency by modulating the local structural order. Furthermore

to address the supercooling issue

this paper summarizes various effective regulation strategies

including the introduction of nucleating agents

synergistic use of nucleating agents with porous materials

nanoparticle compositing

and external field-assisted regulation. These methods effectively reduce the degree of supercooling through mechanisms such as providing heterogeneous nucleation sites

imposing spatial confinement effects

and altering crystallization kinetics pathways. Finally

the practical implications of the supercooling behavior of imidazolium-based ionic liquids are discussed.

关键词

Keywords

references

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