高镁锂比盐湖镁锂分离与锂提取技术研究进展

王琪; 赵有璟; 刘洋; 王云昊; 王敏; 项顼

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20201715

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

高镁锂比盐湖镁锂分离与锂提取技术研究进展

青海盐湖资源综合利用专栏 | 更新时间：2021-07-27

- 高镁锂比盐湖镁锂分离与锂提取技术研究进展
- Recent advances in magnesium/lithium separation and lithium extraction technologies from salt lake brine with high magnesium/lithium ratio
- 化工学报 2021年72卷第6期页码：2905-2921
- 作者机构：
  
  1.北京化工大学化工资源有效利用国家重点实验室，北京 100029
  2.中国科学院青海盐湖研究所，中国科学院盐湖资源综合高效利用重点实验室，青海省盐湖资源化学重点实验室，青海西宁 810008
- 作者简介：
  
  王琪（1995—），女，硕士研究生，913625998@qq.com
  王敏（1966—），女，研究员，gxflwm@126.com
  项顼（1977—），男，博士，教授，xiangxu@mail.buct.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金项目(U20A20138;U1707603;21521005);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(XK1803)
- DOI：10.11949/0438-1157.20201715
  中图分类号： TQ 131.1
- 收稿：2020-11-30，
  
  修回：2021-03-12，
  
  纸质出版：2021-06-05
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
王琪, 赵有璟, 刘洋, 王云昊, 王敏, 项顼. 高镁锂比盐湖镁锂分离与锂提取技术研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(6): 2905-2921

WANG Qi, ZHAO Youjing, LIU Yang, WANG Yunhao, WANG Min, XIANG Xu. Recent advances in magnesium/lithium separation and lithium extraction technologies from salt lake brine with high magnesium/lithium ratio[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(6): 2905-2921
王琪, 赵有璟, 刘洋, 王云昊, 王敏, 项顼. 高镁锂比盐湖镁锂分离与锂提取技术研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(6): 2905-2921 DOI： 10.11949/0438-1157.20201715.

WANG Qi, ZHAO Youjing, LIU Yang, WANG Yunhao, WANG Min, XIANG Xu. Recent advances in magnesium/lithium separation and lithium extraction technologies from salt lake brine with high magnesium/lithium ratio[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(6): 2905-2921 DOI： 10.11949/0438-1157.20201715.

摘要

随着锂离子电池在电动汽车、便携式电子设备、电动工具及电网储能中的用量持续增加，锂资源需求量快速增长。我国盐湖集中分布在青藏高原地区，青海盐湖普遍具有高镁锂比、低锂含量的特征。高镁锂比盐湖提锂是世界性难题。本文综述了高镁锂比盐湖卤水镁锂分离与锂提取技术的最新研究进展，包括萃取法、吸附法、反应/分离耦合技术、膜法和电化学法。从各技术原理、特点、性能等方面分析了各方法特征和适用性。在现有技术中，吸附法更适合高镁锂比卤水；萃取法可用于锂浓度较低的卤水；新发展的反应/分离耦合技术能实现高效提锂与镁锂资源综合利用；以纳滤、电渗析、双极膜为代表的膜法具有能耗较低和模块化的优点；电化学法具有装置简单的优势，但仍需进一步优化系统。我国盐湖锂资源提取需提高总收率，提升提锂后资源综合利用程度，发展锂产品高值化、多元化利用途径，加强盐湖提锂的工程化技术研究，突破并掌握核心技术与装备，实现盐湖资源高效、综合、可持续利用的目标。

Abstract

As the use of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles

portable electronic devices

power tools

and grid energy storage continues to increase

the demand for lithium resources is growing rapidly. In China

over 71% of lithium resources are stored in salt lakes

which are abundant in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Among them

salt lakes in Qinghai province generally have the characteristics of high ratio of magnesium to lithium and low lithium content. Lithium extraction from high Mg/Li ratio salt lakes is a great challenge worldwide. This review focuses on the latest progress of Mg/Li separation and lithium extraction technologies from salt lake brine with high Mg/Li ratio. We comprehensively analyzed the features and applications in terms of principles

characteristics and performance of each method including extraction

adsorption

reaction/separation coupling technology

membrane and electrochemical method. The adsorption method is more suitable for high Mg/Li brine. The extraction method can be used for brine with a lower lithium concentration. The emerging new reaction-coupled separation technology can achieve high-efficiency lithium extraction and comprehensive utilization of magnesium and lithium resources. The membrane methods like nanofiltration

electrodialysis and bipolar membranes have the advantages of lower energy consumption and modularity. The electrochemical method has the simple equipment

but the system needs to be optimized yet. The extraction of lithium from salt lakes requires to increase the total yield

to improve the comprehensive utilization of related resources

to develop high-valued lithium products

and to strengthen the engineering technology. Finally

the goal is to utilize salt lake resources more efficiently

comprehensively and sustainably.

关键词

Keywords

references

U.S. Geological Survey . Mineral Commodity Summaries 2020 [EB/OL]. U.S. Government Publishing Office , U.S. Geological Survey, 2020 . [ 2021-03-11 ]. https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/mcs2020 https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/mcs2020 .

Guan P Y , Zhou L , Yu Z L , et al . Recent progress of surface coating on cathode materials for high-performance lithium-ion batteries [J]. Journal of Energy Chemistry , 2020 , 43 : 220 - 235 .

Sun X , Hao H , Zhao F Q , et al . Tracing global lithium flow: a trade-linked material flow analysis [J]. Resources , Conservation and Recycling, 2017 , 124 : 50 - 61 .

He M Y , Luo C G , Yang H J , et al . Sources and a proposal for comprehensive exploitation of lithium brine deposits in the Qaidam Basin on the northern Tibetan Plateau, China: evidence from Li isotopes [J]. Ore Geology Reviews , 2020 , 117 : 103277 .

Song J F , Nghiem L D , Li X M , et al . Lithium extraction from Chinese salt-lake brines: opportunities, challenges, and future outlook [J]. Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology , 2017 , 3 ( 4 ): 593 - 597 .

Sun S Y , Cai L J , Nie X Y , et al . Separation of magnesium and lithium from brine using a Desal nanofiltration membrane [J]. Journal of Water Process Engineering , 2015 , 7 : 210 - 217 .

张宝全 . 柴达木盆地盐湖卤水提锂研究概况 [J]. 海湖盐与化工 , 2000 , 29 ( 4 ): 9 - 13,27 .

Zhang B Q . General situation of research on extracting lithium from salt lake brine in Qaidam Basin [J]. Sea-Lake Salt and Chemical Industry , 2000 , 29 ( 4 ): 9 - 13,27 .

Yu J J , Zheng M P , Wu Q , et al . Extracting lithium from Tibetan Dangxiong Tso Salt Lake of carbonate type by using geothermal salinity-gradient solar pond [J]. Solar Energy , 2015 , 115 : 133 - 144 .

Zhang L C , Li L J , Shi D , et al . Selective extraction of lithium from alkaline brine using HBTA-TOPO synergistic extraction system [J]. Separation and Purification Technology , 2017 , 188 : 167 - 173 .

Zhang L C , Li L J , Shi D , et al . Recovery of lithium from alkaline brine by solvent extraction with β-diketone [J]. Hydrometallurgy , 2018 , 175 : 35 - 42 .

Zhang L C , Li L J , Rui H M , et al . Lithium recovery from effluent of spent lithium battery recycling process using solvent extraction [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials , 2020 , 398 : 122840 .

李丽娟 , 彭小五 , 时东 , 等 . 含锂卤水中锂资源高效利用与绿色分离的新型萃取体系 [J]. 盐湖研究 , 2018 , 26 ( 4 ): 1 - 10 .

Li L J , Peng X W , Shi D , et al . Eco-friendly separation and effective applications of lithium resources from various brine with lithium: their extractant and extraction system [J]. Journal of Salt Lake Research , 2018 , 26 ( 4 ): 1 - 10 .

Zhou Z Y , Fan J H , Liu X T , et al . Recovery of lithium from salt-lake brines using solvent extraction with TBP as extractant and FeCl 3 as co-extraction agent [J]. Hydrometallurgy , 2020 , 191 : 105244 .

Su H , Li Z , Zhang J , et al . Combining selective extraction and easy stripping of lithium using a ternary synergistic solvent extraction system through regulation of Fe 3+ coordination [J]. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering , 2020 , 8 ( 4 ): 1971 - 1979 .

Su H , Li Z , Zhang J , et al . Recovery of lithium from salt lake brine using a mixed ternary solvent extraction system consisting of TBP, FeCl 3 and P507 [J]. Hydrometallurgy , 2020 , 197 : 105487 .

Shi C L , Jia Y Z , Zhang C , et al . Extraction of lithium from salt lake brine using room temperature ionic liquid in tributyl phosphate [J]. Fusion Engineering and Design , 2015 , 90 : 1 - 6 .

Okazoe S , Yasaka Y , Ueno M , et al . Formate ionic liquids playing the roles of reducer and stabilizer for the synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles [J]. Chemistry Letters , 2017 , 46 ( 9 ): 1344 - 1346 .

Shi C L , Jing Y , Xiao J , et al . Solvent extraction of lithium from aqueous solution using non-fluorinated functionalized ionic liquids as extraction agents [J]. Separation and Purification Technology , 2017 , 172 : 473 - 479 .

Gao D L , Yu X P , Guo Y F , et al . Extraction of lithium from salt lake brine with triisobutyl phosphate in ionic liquid and kerosene [J]. Chemical Research in Chinese Universities , 2015 , 31 ( 4 ): 621 - 626 .

Shi C L , Jing Y , Jia Y Z . Solvent extraction of lithium ions by tri- n -butyl phosphate using a room temperature ionic liquid [J]. Journal of Molecular Liquids , 2016 , 215 : 640 - 646 .

Wang Y , Liu H T , Fan J H , et al . Recovery of lithium ions from salt lake brine with a high magnesium/lithium ratio using heteropolyacid ionic liquid [J]. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering , 2019 , 7 ( 3 ): 3062 - 3072 .

Chen W , Li X W , Chen L L , et al . Tailoring hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent for selective lithium recovery from the mother liquor of Li 2 CO 3 [J]. Chemical Engineering Journal , 2020 : 127648 .

Xiao W J , Xin C , Li S B , et al . Insight into fast Li diffusion in Li-excess spinel lithium manganese oxide [J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry A , 2018 , 6 ( 21 ): 9893 - 9898 .

Hunter J C . Preparation of a new crystal form of manganese dioxide: λ-MnO 2 [J]. Journal of Solid State Chemistry , 1981 , 39 ( 2 ): 142 - 147 .

Clearfield A . Inorganic ion exchangers, past, present, and future [J]. Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange , 2000 , 18 ( 4 ): 655 - 678 .

Sato K , Poojary D M , Clearfield A , et al . The surface structure of the proton-exchanged lithium manganese oxide spinels and their lithium-ion sieve properties [J]. Journal of Solid State Chemistry , 1997 , 131 ( 1 ): 84 - 93 .

Feng Q , Miyai Y , Kanoh H , et al . Lithium(1+) extraction/insertion with spinel-type lithium manganese oxides. Characterization of redox-type and ion-exchange-type sites [J]. Langmuir , 1992 , 8 ( 7 ): 1861 - 1867 .

Gao A L , Sun Z H , Li S P , et al . The mechanism of manganese dissolution on Li 1.6 Mn 1.6 O 4 ion sieves with HCl [J]. Dalton Transactions , 2018 , 47 ( 11 ): 3864 - 3871 .

Chitrakar R , Kanoh H , Miyai Y , et al . A new type of manganese oxide (MnO 2 ·0.5H 2 O) derived from Li 1.6 Mn 1.6 O 4 and its lithium ion-sieve properties [J]. Chemistry of Materials , 2000 , 12 ( 10 ): 3151 - 3157 .

Zhao Q , Gao J M , Guo Y X , et al . Facile synthesis of magnetically recyclable Fe-doped lithium ion sieve and its Li adsorption performance [J]. Chemistry Letters , 2018 , 47 ( 10 ): 1308 - 1310 .

Wang H S , Cui J J , Li M L , et al . Selective recovery of lithium from geothermal water by EGDE cross-linked spherical CTS/LMO [J]. Chemical Engineering Journal , 2020 , 389 : 124410 .

Xue F , Zhang X X , Niu Y , et al . Preparation and evaluation of α-Al 2 O 3 supported lithium ion sieve membranes for Li + extraction [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering , 2020 , 28 ( 9 ): 2312 - 2318 .

Marthi R , Smith Y R . Application and limitations of a H 2 TiO 3 - diatomaceous earth composite synthesized from titania slag as a selective lithium adsorbent [J]. Separation and Purification Technology , 2021 , 254 : 117580 .

Zhang L Y , He G , Zhou D L , et al . Study on transformation mechanism of lithium titanate modified with hydrochloric acid [J]. Ionics , 2016 , 22 ( 11 ): 2007 - 2014 .

Wei S D , Wei Y F , Chen T , et al . Porous lithium ion sieves nanofibers: general synthesis strategy and highly selective recovery of lithium from brine water [J]. Chemical Engineering Journal , 2020 , 379 : 122407 .

Wang S L , Li P , Zhang X , et al . Selective adsorption of lithium from high Mg-containing brines using H x TiO 3 ion sieve [J]. Hydrometallurgy , 2017 , 174 : 21 - 28 .

He G , Zhang L Y , Zhou D L , et al . The optimal condition for H 2 TiO 3 -lithium adsorbent preparation and Li + adsorption confirmed by an orthogonal test design [J]. Ionics , 2015 , 21 ( 8 ): 2219 - 2226 .

Wang S L , Li P , Cui W W , et al . Hydrothermal synthesis of lithium-enriched β-Li 2 TiO 3 with an ion-sieve application: excellent lithium adsorption [J]. RSC Advances , 2016 , 6 ( 104 ): 102608 - 102616 .

Li X W , Chao Y H , Chen L L , et al . Taming wettability of lithium ion sieve via different TiO 2 precursors for effective Li recovery from aqueous lithium resources [J]. Chemical Engineering Journal , 2020 , 392 : 123731 .

Wang S L , Zheng S L , Wang Z M , et al . Superior lithium adsorption and required magnetic separation behavior of iron-doped lithium ion-sieves [J]. Chemical Engineering Journal , 2018 , 332 : 160 - 168 .

Graham T R , Hu J Z , Zhang X , et al . Unraveling gibbsite transformation pathways into LiAl-LDH in concentrated lithium hydroxide [J]. Inorganic Chemistry , 2019 , 58 ( 18 ): 12385 - 12394 .

David F , Vokhmin V , Ionova G . Water characteristics depend on the ionic environment. Thermodynamics and modelisation of the aquo ions [J]. Journal of Molecular Liquids , 2001 , 90 ( 1/2/3 ): 45 - 62 .

Kiriukhin M Y , Collins K D . Dynamic hydration numbers for biologically important ions [J]. Biophysical Chemistry , 2002 , 99 ( 2 ): 155 - 168 .

Shannon R D . Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halides and chalcogenides [J]. Acta Crystallographica Section A , 1976 , 32 ( 5 ): 751 - 767 .

Volkov A G , Paula S , Deamer D W . Two mechanisms of permeation of small neutral molecules and hydrated ions across phospholipid bilayers [J]. Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics , 1997 , 42 ( 2 ): 153 - 160 .

Nightingale E R . Phenomenological theory of ion solvation. Effective radii of hydrated ions [J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry , 1959 , 63 ( 9 ): 1381 - 1387 .

Zhong J , Lin S , Yu J G . Effects of excessive lithium deintercalation on Li + adsorption performance and structural stability of lithium/aluminum layered double hydroxides [J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science , 2020 , 572 : 107 - 113 .

Jiang H X , Yang Y , Sun S Y , et al . Adsorption of lithium ions on lithium-aluminum hydroxides: equilibrium and kinetics [J]. The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering , 2020 , 98 ( 2 ): 544 - 555 .

Jiang H X , Zhang S Y , Yang Y , et al . Synergic and competitive adsorption of Li-Na-MgCl 2 onto lithium-aluminum hydroxides [J]. Adsorption , 2020 , 26 ( 7 ): 1039 - 1049 .

Chen J , Lin S , Yu J G . Quantitative effects of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticle content on Li + adsorption and magnetic recovery performances of magnetic lithium-aluminum layered double hydroxides in ultrahigh Mg/Li ratio brines [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials , 2020 , 388 : 122101 .

Zhong J , Lin S , Yu J G . Lithium recovery from ultrahigh Mg 2+ /Li + ratio brine using a novel granulated Li/Al-LDHs adsorbent [J]. Separation and Purification Technology , 2021 , 256 : 117780 .

Jiang H X , Yang Y , Yu J G . Application of concentration-dependent HSDM to the lithium adsorption from brine in fixed bed columns [J]. Separation and Purification Technology , 2020 , 241 : 116682 .

Camera-Roda G , Loddo V , Palmisano L , et al . Process intensification in a photocatalytic membrane reactor: analysis of the techniques to integrate reaction and separation [J]. Chemical Engineering Journal , 2017 , 310 : 352 - 359 .

Qing W H , Wu J Q , Deng Y J , et al . A novel catalytically active membrane with highly porous catalytic layer for the conversion enhancement of esterification: focusing on the reduction of mass transfer resistance of the catalytic layer [J]. Journal of Membrane Science , 2017 , 539 : 359 - 367 .

Zhu X F , Yang W S . Microstructural and interfacial designs of oxygen-permeable membranes for oxygen separation and reaction-separation coupling [J]. Advanced Materials , 2019 , 31 ( 50 ): 1902547 .

Santaella M A , Jiménez L E , Orjuela A , et al . Design of thermally coupled reactive distillation schemes for triethyl citrate production using economic and controllability criteria [J]. Chemical Engineering Journal , 2017 , 328 : 368 - 381 .

Guzmán-Martínez C E , Castro-Montoya A J , Nápoles-Rivera F . Economic and environmental comparison of bioethanol dehydration processes via simulation: reactive distillation, reactor-separator process and azeotropic distillation [J]. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy , 2019 , 21 ( 10 ): 2061 - 2071 .

Guo X Y , Hu S F , Wang C X , et al . Highly efficient separation of magnesium and lithium and high-valued utilization of magnesium from salt lake brine by a reaction-coupled separation technology [J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research , 2018 , 57 ( 19 ): 6618 - 6626 .

Sun Y , Yun R P , Zang Y F , et al . Highly efficient lithium recovery from pre-synthesized chlorine-ion-intercalated LiAl-layered double hydroxides via a mild solution chemistry process [J]. Materials , 2019 , 12 ( 12 ): 1968 .

Hu S F , Sun Y , Pu M , et al . Determination of boundary conditions for highly efficient separation of magnesium and lithium from salt lake brine by reaction-coupled separation technology [J]. Separation and Purification Technology , 2019 , 229 : 115813 .

Sun Y , Guo X Y , Hu S F , et al . Highly efficient extraction of lithium from salt lake brine by LiAl-layered double hydroxides as lithium-ion-selective capturing material [J]. Journal of Energy Chemistry , 2019 , 34 : 80 - 87 .

Gong L Y , Ouyang W , Li Z R , et al . Direct numerical simulation of continuous lithium extraction from high Mg 2+ /Li + ratio brines using microfluidic channels with ion concentration polarization [J]. Journal of Membrane Science , 2018 , 556 : 34 - 41 .

Li X H , Mo Y H , Qing W H , et al . Membrane-based technologies for lithium recovery from water lithium resources: a review [J]. Journal of Membrane Science , 2019 , 591 : 117317 .

Li Y , Zhao Y J , Wang H Y , et al . The application of nanofiltration membrane for recovering lithium from salt lake brine [J]. Desalination , 2019 , 468 : 114081 .

Li Y , Zhao Y J , Wang M . Effects of pH and salinity on the separation of magnesium and lithium from brine by nanofiltration [J]. Desalination and Water Treatment , 2017 , 97 : 141 - 150 .

Zhang C Y , Mu Y X , Zhao S , et al . Lithium extraction from synthetic brine with high Mg 2+ /Li + ratio using the polymer inclusion membrane [J]. Desalination , 2020 , 496 : 114710 .

Li X H , Zhang C J , Zhang S N , et al . Preparation and characterization of positively charged polyamide composite nanofiltration hollow fiber membrane for lithium and magnesium separation [J]. Desalination , 2015 , 369 : 26 - 36 .

Li W , Shi C , Zhou A , et al . A positively charged composite nanofiltration membrane modified by EDTA for LiCl/MgCl 2 separation [J]. Separation and Purification Technology , 2017 , 186 : 233 - 242 .

Zhang H Z , Xu Z L , Ding H , et al . Positively charged capillary nanofiltration membrane with high rejection for Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ and good separation for Mg 2+ and Li + [J]. Desalination , 2017 , 420 : 158 - 166 .

Guo Y , Ying Y L , Mao Y Y , et al . Polystyrene sulfonate threaded through a metal-organic framework membrane for fast and selective lithium-ion separation [J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition , 2016 , 55 ( 48 ): 15120 - 15124 .

Peng H W , Zhao Q . A nano-heterogeneous membrane for efficient separation of lithium from high magnesium/lithium ratio brine [J]. Advanced Functional Materials , 2021 , 31 ( 14 ): 2009430 .

Zhao W Y , Zhou M M , Yan B H , et al . Waste conversion and resource recovery from wastewater by ion exchange membranes: state-of-the-art and perspective [J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research , 2018 , 57 ( 18 ): 6025 - 6039 .

Jiang C X , Wang Y M , Wang Q Y , et al . Production of lithium hydroxide from lake brines through electro–electrodialysis with bipolar membranes (EEDBM) [J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research , 2014 , 53 ( 14 ): 6103 - 6112 .

Nie X Y , Sun S Y , Song X F , et al . Further investigation into lithium recovery from salt lake brines with different feed characteristics by electrodialysis [J]. Journal of Membrane Science , 2017 , 530 : 185 - 191 .

Ying J D , Luo M J , Jin Y , et al . Selective separation of lithium from high Mg/Li ratio brine using single-stage and multi-stage selective electrodialysis processes [J]. Desalination , 2020 , 492 : 114621 .

Liu G , Zhao Z W , He L H . Highly selective lithium recovery from high Mg/Li ratio brines [J]. Desalination , 2020 , 474 : 114185 .

Zhao Z W , Liu G , Jia H , et al . Sandwiched liquid-membrane electrodialysis: lithium selective recovery from salt lake brines with high Mg/Li ratio [J]. Journal of Membrane Science , 2020 , 596 : 117685 .

Qiu Y B , Yao L , Tang C , et al . Integration of selectrodialysis and selectrodialysis with bipolar membrane to salt lake treatment for the production of lithium hydroxide [J]. Desalination , 2019 , 465 : 1 - 12 .

Zhao Y J , Wang H Y , Li Y , et al . An integrated membrane process for preparation of lithium hydroxide from high Mg/Li ratio salt lake brine [J]. Desalination , 2020 , 493 : 114620 .

Battistel A , Palagonia M S , Brogioli D , et al . Electrochemical methods for lithium recovery: a comprehensive and critical review [J]. Advanced Materials , 2020 , 32 ( 23 ): 1905440 .

Zhou G L , Chen L L , Chao Y H , et al . Progress in electrochemical lithium ion pumping for lithium recovery [J]. Journal of Energy Chemistry , 2021 , 59 : 431 - 445 .

Kanoh H , Ooi K , Miyai Y , et al . Selective electroinsertion of lithium ions into a platinum/λ-manganese dioxide electrode in the aqueous phase [J]. Langmuir , 1991 , 7 ( 9 ): 1841 - 1842 .

Kanoh H , Ooi K , Miyai Y , et al . Electrochemical recovery of lithium ions in the aqueous phase [J]. Separation Science and Technology , 1993 , 28 ( 1/2/3 ): 643 - 651 .

Xu X , Zhou Y , Feng Z W , et al . A self-supported λ-MnO 2 film electrode used for electrochemical lithium recovery from brines [J]. ChemPlusChem , 2018 , 83 ( 6 ): 521 - 528 .

Zhao X Y , Feng M H , Jiao Y X , et al . Lithium extraction from brine in an ionic selective desalination battery [J]. Desalination , 2020 , 481 : 114360 .

Zhao X Y , Li G Y , Feng M H , et al . Semi-continuous electrochemical extraction of lithium from brine using CF-NMMO/AC asymmetric hybrid capacitors [J]. Electrochimica Acta , 2020 , 331 : 135285 .

Pasta M , Battistel A , La Mantia F . Batteries for lithium recovery from brines [J]. Energy & Environmental Science , 2012 , 5 ( 11 ): 9487 .

Li Z , Liu D F , Xiong J C , et al . Selective recovery of lithium and iron phosphate/carbon from spent lithium iron phosphate cathode material by anionic membrane slurry electrolysis [J]. Waste Management , 2020 , 107 : 1 - 8 .

He L H , Xu W H , Song Y F , et al . New insights into the application of lithium-ion battery materials: selective extraction of lithium from brines via a rocking-chair lithium-ion battery system [J]. Global Challenges , 2018 , 2 ( 2 ): 1700079 .

浏览量

下载量

CSCD

文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。

提交

工具集

关联资源

蛇形流场电控离子交换装置用于选择性提锂

连续共价有机框架筛分复合膜及全钒电池性能

纳滤膜对高镁锂比盐湖卤水镁锂分离性能研究

原位浸渍法制备NiO-BZCYYb阳极支撑SOFCs及电化学性能

Ca（OH）2/CaO间接反应器储释热循环性能优化