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Table of Content
25 February 1998, Volume 49 Issue 1
    化工学报
    MOLECULAR THERMODYNAMIC MODEL FOR SELF-ASSOCIATED MIXTURES
    Zhou Hao;Liu Honglai;Hu Ying(Department of Chemistry,East China University of Science and Technology,Shanghai 200237)
    1998, 49(1):  1-10. 
    Abstract ( 941 )   PDF (427KB) ( 228 )  
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    The Helmholtz function and compressibility factor of associated mixture includes two contributions,physical interaction and chemical association.The molecular thermodynamic model for nonassociating systems developed in the authors previous work is used for the former.The Helmholtz function and compressibility factor due to self─association in mixtures with only self-association have been developed by considering additionally the association bonds between segments using shield-sticky model.The association paramters in model are calculated from the properties of pure associating fluid.Only one adjustable interaction parameter is used in the calculation of the physical interaction energy parameter of the mixture.Good agreements with experimental data have been obtained for calculating vapor-liquid equilibria of mixtures with only self─association under different pressures.
    MATHEMATICAL SIMULATION OF APPARENT VISCOSITY FOR HYDROLYZED POLYACRYLAMIDE-SALT SOLUTION(Ⅳ)──AN UNIVERSAL MHS EQUATION IN PRESENCE OF BIVALENT METAL IONS
    Fang Daobin;Guo Ruiwei; Hou Yongxing;Fu Xiaowan(Department of Applied Chemistry,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072)(Tianjin Research Institute of Synthetic Material,Tianjin 300220)
    1998, 49(1):  11-16. 
    Abstract ( 621 )   PDF (308KB) ( 196 )  
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    A concept of equivalent coefficient is proposed to describe further decreasing of intrinsic viscosities of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide─monovalent metal ions solution by the introduction of bivalent ions.It is found that equivalent coefficient is only dependent on the ionic strength fraction of bivalentmetal ions and their relationship can be expressed in a cubic polynomial.The universal MHS equation modified by equivalent coefficient still keeps the original form of the equation in Part(Ⅰ) of this series of papers and the intrinsic viscosities predicted by this modified MHS equation are in good agreement with the experimental data.In addition,it is observed that the anions such as Cl_-,SO_4~(2-) and HCO_3~- have no influence on the intrinsic viscosities,but Co_3~(2-) causes it to increase slightly.
    W/O EMULSION SEPARATION IN COMBINED ELECTROSTATIC AND CENTRIFUGAL FIELDS
    Yan Jun;Mao Zongqiang;He Xiangming(Institute of Nuclear Energy Technology,TsingHua University,Beijing l0220l)
    1998, 49(1):  17-27. 
    Abstract ( 595 )   PDF (505KB) ( 244 )  
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    A theoretical analysis on the electrostation separation of stirred W/O emulsion is given.The reason for acceleraton of the coalescence between two water drops by electrostatic field is quantitatively explained.On the basis of two drop collision and coalescence,a kinetic model is proposed.Continuous demulsification experiment is reported with a new kind of separation apparatus of combined electrostatic and centrifugal field.The effects of residence time,water─phase holdup,voltage applied,oil─phase viscosity on demulsification rate are investigated.The experiment results can be explained successfully by the model proposed.The new equipment is better than the traditional apparatus in demulsification.
    HYDRODYNAMICS AND MIXING BEHAVIOUR IN ENTRANCE OF DOWNER
    Wei Fei;Liu Jinzhong;Jin Yong(Department of Chemical Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084)
    1998, 49(1):  28-38. 
    Abstract ( 467 )   PDF (672KB) ( 118 )  
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    The radial solids fraction profiles in the entrance of a 140mm id.Downer was studied by means of a duel─beam optical fiber solids density sensor.The effects of entrance structure,solids circulating rate,gas velocity on radial solids fraction profiles were studied.The radial solids fraction profile can be divided into two regions:the distributor effect region and turbulence control region.The entrance structure has a large influence on the solids fraction profile.A phosphorescent tracer method has been used to determine solids residence time distribution in the entrance of downer.The entrance effect reduces axial solids backmixing and enlarges radial solids mixing.The effects of entrance structure,solids circulating rate,gas velocity and solids fraction on axial and radial solids mixing were studied.The entrance structure has a large influence on the radial solids mixing near the entrance region.
    ESTERIFICATION─DISTILLATION OF BUTANOL AND ACETIC ACID
    Yang Zhicai;Cui Xianbao;Gao Jing(Chemical Engineering Shcool,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072)(Chemical Engineering Department,University ,of Hebei technology,Tianjin 300130)
    1998, 49(1):  39-47. 
    Abstract ( 671 )   PDF (414KB) ( 162 )  
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    Distillation with esterification of butanol and acetic acid was studied experimentally and then followed by mathematical simulation.To provide data for the complex quaternary system,the fugacity coefficients were calculated by Hayden─OConnell equation,and the activity coefficients by the NRTL equation.The mathematical model,solved by the relaxation method,agreed well with experiments.
    DESULFURIZATION OF GASES WITH A BUFFERING SOLUTION OF BASIC IRONIC SALTS
    Wei Xionghui;Dai Qianhuan;Chen Zhongming;Shao Kesheng;Zhang Chending(The Institute of Heavy Ion Physics,Peking University State Key,peking University,Beijing l00087l)(Organic Chemistry Section,Department of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering,Beijing
    1998, 49(1):  48-58. 
    Abstract ( 666 )   PDF (480KB) ( 122 )  
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    In order to more efficiently eliminating the harm of hydrogen sulfurides to human being and ecological environment and industries,we have put forward a new method for desulfurizing,partially decar-bonizing and deoxidating of gases with a buffering solution of“acetic acid─sodium(potassium) acetate-ammonia”containing Fe~(2+) and Fe~(3+),and the buffering solution is automatically regenerated catalyzed by p-dihydroxy-benzene or salicylic acid.Meanwhile,the mathematical models have been established and satisfactorily supported by experimental data.
    MODELING ON BUBBLE EFFECTIVENESS IN GAS-LIQUID REACTOR (Ⅱ)──EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON SINGLE BUBBLE EFFECTIVENESS AND ITS APPLICATIONS
    Hu Hua;Liu Fang;Liu Zheng;Ding Fuxin;Yuan Naiju(Department of Chemical Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing l00084)
    1998, 49(1):  59-64. 
    Abstract ( 524 )   PDF (322KB) ( 104 )  
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    Based on the oxidation of a air-Na_2SO_3 aqueous system,the bubble effectiveness is investigated experimentally.The experimental data agree well with the calculated results.The application of η is also studied.It may be used to modify the deviation of the k_Lα measured by physical and chemical methods,and the design model of the bubble column,etc.
    MODEL FOR SULPHUR ABSORPTION REACTION OF LIMESTONE
    Lu Chunmei;Xu Bingsong (Power Engineering Department,Shandong University of Technology,Jinan 250061)
    1998, 49(1):  65-72. 
    Abstract ( 621 )   PDF (360KB) ( 98 )  
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    The experiments of sulphur absorption characteristics of limestone particles have been carried out in an experimental equipment and TGA.A model used to simulate the process in which the calcina-tion and sulphur absorption reactions of limestone occured simultaneously was analyzed and established.Masss transfer coefficient α_(co_2) and diffusion coefficient D_(CO_2) of CO_2 through the calcined CaO were obtained by regressing the test data.The rationality of the model was examined by making comparison between the calculated values of model and the experimental results.
    FEATURE EXTRACTION AND CLASSIFICATION FOR DYNAMIC RESPONSE IN CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    Yu Honglu;Shen Jingzhu;Hu Shanying(Department of Chemical Engineering,TsingHua University,Beijing 100084)
    1998, 49(1):  73-79. 
    Abstract ( 629 )   PDF (362KB) ( 141 )  
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    The classification of dynamic response is important in dynamic fault diagnosis and on-line operation optimization.In this work,different methods of classification for dynamic response are discussed based on a hydrocracking reactor model.It is used to extract features for dynamic response according to the characteristics of chemical processes.Radial Basis Function Network(RBFN) is applied to make classification for dynamic response and is compared with other classification methods.
    SIMULATION OF RIM MOLD FILLING
    Ren Shijie;Dai Gance(UNILAB Research Center of Chemical Reaction Engineering,East China University of Science and Technology,Shanghai 200237)
    1998, 49(1):  80-86. 
    Abstract ( 505 )   PDF (359KB) ( 98 )  
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    This report studies the filling stage of Reaction Injection(RIM).A typical rectangular mold is used to simulate this filling stage.A model of this process is developed and solved by using the finite element method(FEM).The quadrilateral isoparametric element is used and the boundary grid line fits well with the flow front.ALE method which has the advantages of Lagrange method and Euler method is adopted to treat the flow front,and FEM mesh is created once the front moves to satisfy the boundary conditions of the front.Different filling parameters and mold thickness are chosen to calculate this stage.The conversion distribution curves are given and the results are analyzed.It shows that relatively thin mold thickness,rapid injection speed and high initial temperature can get uniform properties of the final product.The results of this paper are helpful in optimized control of the RIM mold structure and the filling parameters.
    CRYSTALLIZATION PROCESS OF PHENYLPYRUVIC ACID SODIUM SALT
    Fan Weiping;Wu Yue;Ouyang Pingkai;Zhu Jianliang(Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering,Nanjing University of Chemical Technology,Nanjing 210009)
    1998, 49(1):  87-91. 
    Abstract ( 672 )   PDF (336KB) ( 230 )  
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    The mixing-precipitation process for producing phenylpyruvic acid sodium salt(PPNa) by neutralization of phenylpyruic acid(PPA) with aqueous sodium hydroxide in a semi-batch stirred tank was studied.The effects of mixing characteristics and chemical characteristics on the precipitation process were investigated experimentally.It was found that the crystals growth rate and morphology obviously changed due to ripening.Crystal redissolution agglomeration and solvent inclusion also changed the purity of PPNa product considerably.
    PARTITIONING OF BAICALIN IN AQUEOUS TWO PHASES SYSTEM COMBINED WITH TEMPERATURE INDUCED PHASE SEPARATION
    Li Wei;Zhu Ziqiang;Mei Lehe;Guan Yixin;Yang Lirong(Department of Chemical Engineering,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 3l0027)
    1998, 49(1):  92-96. 
    Abstract ( 488 )   PDF (243KB) ( 175 )  
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    Partition coefficients of baicalin in EOPO/potassium phosphate aqueous two phases system combined with temperature induced phase separation were measured.The effects on partition coefficients of salt addition,EOPO and potassium phosphate concentration were investigated.A method for baicalin extraction from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi is proposed by using aqueous two phases extraction combined with temperature induced phase separation.
    PROCESSING OF ASCHARITE-MAGNETITE SYNGENETIC MINERAL BY SULFURIC ACID(Ⅲ)──PHASE DIAGRAMS OF H_3BO_3-MgSO_4-Mg(NO_3)_2-H_2O SYSTEM AT 25℃ AND 100℃ AND THEIR APPLICATIONS
    Cao Jilin;Tong Jianhua;Lin Yuan;LüBingling (School of Chemical Engneering,Dalian University of Technology,Dalia ll6012)
    1998, 49(1):  97-102. 
    Abstract ( 486 )   PDF (268KB) ( 293 )  
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    In order to establish the theortetical basis and optimize the production conditions for the separation process of the H_3BO_3-MgSO_4 mixed solution by using Mg(NO_3)_2 as the salting out agent.The phase diagrams of H_3BO_3─MgSO_4─Mg(NO_3)_2─H_2O system at 25℃ and 100℃ were studied.The results show that there appear MgSO_4·7H_2O,MgSO_4·6H_2O,Mg(NO_3)_2·6H_2O and H_3BO_3 three crystallization regions in the phase diagram at 25℃,and three crystallization regions of MgSO_4·H_2O,Mg(NO_3)_2·2H_2O,and H_3BO_3 at l00℃.When the temperatures rise from 25℃ to 100℃,the crystallization regions for magnesium sulfate hydlates grow larger and while that of H_3BO_3 get smaller.Only MgSO_4·4H_2O could be crystallized out alone,if evaporating the H_3BO_3─MgSO_4 solution in the presence of Mg(NO_3)_2.On cooling the MgSO_4 mother liquor,H_3BO_3 can be separated alone without any addition of water.
    THERMODYNAMIC MODEL OF EXCESS ENTHALPY FOR LIQUID MIXTURES
    Shen Xiaoyan;Liu Guojie(Department of Chemistry,East China University of Science and Technology,Shanghai 200237)
    1998, 49(1):  103-110. 
    Abstract ( 753 )   PDF (371KB) ( 212 )  
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    A thermodynamic model of excess enthalpy with three parameters for binary liquid mixtures is established by introducing the internal pressure and energy of vaporization of components.The calculated results of excess enthalpy for sixty─seven systems indicate that it can be applicable to various binary liquid mixtures satisfactorily.
    BEHAVIOR OF FLUIDIZED-BED COAL GASIFIER WITH INERT SOLIDS CARRIER
    Luo Hean;Hatate Y;Uemura Y;Ijichi K(Department of Chemical Engineering,Xiangtan University,Xiangtan 4lll05)(Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Kagoshima University,Japan)
    1998, 49(1):  111-115. 
    Abstract ( 548 )   PDF (235KB) ( 121 )  
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    This paper presents the simulation of a new fluidized-bed coal gasifier with separated combustion and gasification chambers and inert solid heat-carrier.The simulation shows that two phase model proposed by Kunii and Levenspiel with a well mixed emulsion phase is suitable to describe he gasification for a laboratory fluidized-bed.
    EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF LIQUID PHASE OXIDATION OF TRICHLOROETHYLENE WITH OZONE
    Zhong Li;Kuo Chiang Hai;Zappi Mark Edward(Department of Chemical Engineering of South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510641)(Department of Chenmical Engineering Mississippi State University MS 39762 USA)
    1998, 49(1):  116-120. 
    Abstract ( 603 )   PDF (230KB) ( 147 )  
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    The Stopped Flow oxidation spectrophotometer system was applied to investigate the kinetics of liquid phase oxidation of C_2HC1_3 with O_3,and the effect of different pH and temperatures on degradation Of C_2HC1_3 was dicussed.
    LIQUID MIXING BEHAVIOR IN A COLUMN CONTAININGSTRUCTURED PACKING
    Sun Shuyu;Wang Shuying;Yu Guocong(K.T.Yu)(Chemical Engineering Research Certer,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072)
    1998, 49(1):  121-124. 
    Abstract ( 647 )   PDF (178KB) ( 160 )  
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    The liquid mixing behavior was investigated by pulse tracing injection in a column containing Mellapak 250Y structured packing.A one-dimensional model and a two─dimensional model were used to describe the liquid mixing process.The axial and radial eddy diffusion coefficients were obtained using optimization method.Correlation equations for both axial and radial eddy diffusion coefficients were obtained.
    CONVECTION AND MICROLAYER EVAPORATION COMTRIBUTIONS TO BOILING HEAT TRANSFER OUTSIDE HORIZONTAL TUBE BUNDLE
    Liu Jinrong;Shen Ziqiu;Xu Weiqin (Department of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Polytechnic University,Huhehaote 010062)(Department of Chemical Engineering,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116012)
    1998, 49(1):  125-130. 
    Abstract ( 541 )   PDF (309KB) ( 121 )  
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    The convection and microlayer evaporation heat transfer contributions to boiling heat transfer outside a horizontal tube bundle were distinguished by limiting difussion current technique and heat transfer measurements simultaneously.The experimental results show that convection and microlayer evaporation heat transfer coefficients outside a tube bundle increase with increasing heat flux.The enhanced heat transfer increases with decreaseing heat flux.The higher tubes positioned,the higher the contributions of microlayer evaporation and convection to boiling heat transfer outside a tube bundle were.