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Table of Content
25 August 2006, Volume 57 Issue 8
    综述与专论
    Developing bio-refinery by utilizing renewable vegetable oils
    MIN Enze
    2006, 57(8):  1739-1745. 
    Abstract ( 814 )   PDF (505KB) ( 601 )  
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    Eventually crude oil will be used up, and the use of renewable biomass for manufacturing fuels and chemicals is now growing rapidly.Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) derived from vegetable oils are usually used as clean biodiesel fuel.In addition, FAMEs along with the byproduct glycerol are also used as intermediates to manufacture chemicals.The recent development of biodiesel was introduced, and the factors affecting the development of biodiesel in China were analyzed.It is realized that the price and steady supply of vegetable oils is a key factor.The related manufacture of chemicals, an important factor for improving profits, was also discussed.Finally, a scheme of bio-refinery with chemicals production was proposed.
    An overview on microemulsion phase extraction technology
    YU Jiang;LIU Huizhou;CHEN Jiayong
    2006, 57(8):  1746-1755. 
    Abstract ( 618 )   PDF (1036KB) ( 441 )  
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    The concept and definition of microemulsion phase are put forward based on the interfacial sciences and the separation principles of chemical engineering.The characteristics,classification and instrumental analysis techniques of microemulsion phase are summarized.Some comments on the technologies of microemulsion phase extraction are presented,including its properties,rules and interaction relationships.In the cases of typical microemulsion phase extraction,micelle,reverse micelle and three-phase are reviewed,and some proposals on the development and prospect of the microemulsion phase extraction technology are provided.
    Preparation and separation performance of cellulose membrane from direct dissolution
    JIE Xingming;CAO Yiming;LI Hongjian;YUAN Quan
    2006, 57(8):  1756-1762. 
    Abstract ( 650 )   PDF (763KB) ( 534 )  
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    A novel solvent N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO) is used in the Lyocell process of textile industry to physically dissolve cellulose.Chemical degradation of cellulose can be avoided so the natural characteristics of cellulose are satisfactorily preserved.A novel cellulose membrane was developed with NMMO as solvent.The prepared novel cellulose membrane has application potentials in such areas as acidic gases permeation and separation in water-swollen state; high and stable SO2 permeation performance after being added sulfoxide-containing group by chemical modification; excellent fouling resistance ability during water-oil separation because of its strong hydrophilicity.
    Advances in liquid-solid-interfacial-energy-difference effect and condensation heat transfer enhancement
    MA Xuehu;SONG Tianyi;LAN Zhong;ZHOU Xingdong;YANG Jinzong
    2006, 57(8):  1763-1775. 
    Abstract ( 995 )   PDF (1988KB) ( 509 )  
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    This paper reviewes the advances in the investigation of the solid-liquid-interfacial-energy-difference(SLIED) effect on the heat transfer processes of filmwise, transition(filmwise and dropwise co-existing) and dropwise condensation modes for pure vapor and mixture vapor in the presence of non-condensable gas.The heat transfer models with consideration of the SLIED effect of each condensation mode mentioned above are proposed.A comparison of the theoretical results and the experimental data is presented for confirming the significance of this novel mechanism for heat transfer enhancement.Other heat transfer enhancing technologies are also introduced.
    Complex biocatalysts assembled by enzymes and inorganic/metal nanoparticles
    ZONG Jing;CHEN Yingwen;ZHU Shemin;WANG Anming;SHEN Shubao;OUYANG Pingkai
    2006, 57(8):  1776-1781. 
    Abstract ( 692 )   PDF (511KB) ( 670 )  
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    The recent progress in complex biocatalysts assembled by biocompatible inorganic/metal nanoparticles and enzymes is reviewed.The assembly methods and the effects of nanoparticles on the catalytic activity and efficiency of enzymes are analyzed by taking account of the properties of nano-materials.Furthermore,several nanoparticle-carrier effects on enzymes are summarized.Finally,the status of converting native enzymes to highly efficient conjugating biocatalysts by assembling enzymes and inorganic/metal nanoparticles is discussed,and the prospective application is also forecasted.
    Advances in cellulose chemistry
    YE Daiyong;HUANG Hong;FU Heqing;CHEN Huanqin
    2006, 57(8):  1782-1791. 
    Abstract ( 1629 )   PDF (604KB) ( 2551 )  
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    In order to study the advances in cellulose chemistry, this article reviews:the chemical and physical structure of cellulose macromolecules, and the self-assembly structural model of cellulose; the raw materials of cellulose (bacterial cellulose, man-made synthetic cellulose, cotton, woods, grasses, leaf fibers, bast fibers and agricultural wastes), especially bacterial cellulose and its commercial applications, and the man-made synthetic cellulose; the current research hot topics of cellulose chemistry—regioselective substitution of cellulose, new cellulose solvents, pretreatments of cellulose, the development status of the cellulose derivatives and their functional materials, the progress in regenerated celluloses, and the preparation of nano-cellulose and its surface chemical modification.With suitable raw materials, the special functional fine chemical products can be prepared through the controllable physical and chemical design of natural cellulose.Cellulose chemistry is one of the important research topics of chemical engineering for sustainable development in 21st century.
    Functional genomics and metabolic engineering:microbial strain improvement and bioprocess optimisation
    CHEN Xun;ZHOU Shiqi;CHEN Tao;WANG Qingzhao;ZOU Shaolan;ZHAO Xueming
    2006, 57(8):  1792-1801. 
    Abstract ( 886 )   PDF (1529KB) ( 668 )  
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    Metabolic engineering is the improvement of cellular properties by using modern genetic engineering tools.Metabolic engineering encompasses three important steps:the modification of cellular pathways(synthesis),the rigorous evaluation of the phenotype of the modified cells(phenotype characterization)and optimization design of further genetic modification(design).In the procedure,“Omics”(genomics,transcriptomics,proteomics,metabolomics,fluxomics)analyses play a very important role in the phenotype characterization.Because the environmental conditions have also great effects on the cellular properties,so the changes of the cellular properties under different environmental conditions must be evaluated by the “Omics” analyses.Based on the “Omics” analyses,it is possible to get valuable knowledge that can be used for the development of metabolic engineering strategies,which consequently are used to optimize the bioprocess.In this paper,the recent advances of metabolic engineering combined with functional genomics are reviewed.
    Refolding of protein from denatured state to active conformation by liquid chromatographic processes
    CHEN Jing, LIU Yongdong, LI Jingjing, SU Zhiguo
    2006, 57(8):  1802-1809. 
    Abstract ( 686 )   PDF (631KB) ( 246 )  
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    Chromatography is commonly used in separating expensive fine chemical products.Liquid chromatographic procedure is the essential tool in protein purification because of its mild condition, quick and effective separation.In recent years, chromatography has been gradually used in protein refolding from denatured state to biologically active conformation.In the liquid chromatography-based protein refolding procedure,a high yield could be achieved at high protein concentrations.Partial purification of protein could also be achieved simultaneously.The recent development of liquid chromatography-based protein refolding is reviewed in this paper.The principles, advantages, disadvantages and applications are discussed with respect to various chromatographic refolding processes, including size exclusion chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, affinity chromatography with immobilized refolding catalyst and artificial chaperone.

    综述与专论
    Progress of higee technology—from laboratory to commercialization
    ZOU Haikui;SHAO Lei;CHEN Jianfeng
    2006, 57(8):  1810-1816. 
    Abstract ( 1050 )   PDF (779KB) ( 995 )  
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    Higee technology,carried out in a rotating packed bed,is a novel technology for process intensification,which can tremendously intensify mass and heat transfer and micromixing processes.This paper reviews the state-of-the-art higee technology in fundamental research,applications in reaction and separation engineering,nano-materials syntheses as well as its commercialization.The work in the Research Center for High Gravity Engineering and Technology is highlighted.
    Technology foresight in energy industries
    LIU Haiyan, YU Jianning, BAO Xiaojun
    2006, 57(8):  1817-1826. 
    Abstract ( 1192 )   PDF (7234KB) ( 3102 )  
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    Entering into 21st century, energy industry, one of the supporting industrial sectors for all over the world, is experiencing profound changes driven by the increasingly rapid depletion of fossil fuels and the overwhelming concerns about environmental protection.To identify and highlight the critical needs and opportunities in the future has become one of the key strategies,almost all the countries and energy companies should carefully formulate, and for this purpose technology foresight (TFS) becomes one of the most important tools.This article introduces the development of TFS, the relationship of TFS with core competence and sustainable development, various methodologies used in TFS activities and their applications to energy industry with the activities carried out by China, Japan and Shell as examples,in order to provide a reference for the related activities that are ongoing in China.Finally, the scenario-based analysis of clean gasoline in the next 5 to 15 years in China was presented as an example to demonstrate the application of TFS.
    综述与专论
    Transport phenomena of charged membranes based on charge models
    SHANG Weijuan;WANG Xiaolin;YU Yangxin
    2006, 57(8):  1827-1834. 
    Abstract ( 597 )   PDF (456KB) ( 301 )  
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    Transport phenomena of charged membranes based on the charge models (including the space charge model and the fixed charge model) are cataloged into the three kinds, that is,separation performance,electro-kinetic properties and transport characteristics with respect to the charge effect.Generally,separation performance is expressed by the rejections and permeation fluxes,electro-kinetic properties are specified by the membrane potential and streaming potential, while transport characteristics are summed up by six independent parameters (or coefficients): pure water permeability,reflection coefficient,electro-osmostic coefficient,solute permeability coefficient,electrical conductance and electrical transport number.In this article, the above-mentioned transport phenomena of charged membranes based on the charged models are reviewed in detail.The respective advantages of the space charged model and the fixed charge model applied to charged membranes are described, and the development trend is presented.
    热力学
    QSPR of activity coefficients at infinite dilution and interfacial tension for organic solutes in room temperature ionic liquids
    ZHU Jiqin;YU Yanmei;CHEN Jian;FEI Weiyang
    2006, 57(8):  1835-1840. 
    Abstract ( 946 )   PDF (480KB) ( 264 )  
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    The hydrophobic parameter lgP, dipole element, frontier molecular orbital energy gap and hydration energy of alkanes, alkenes and aromatic hydrocarbons were calculated with the PM3 semi-empirical quantum chemistry method.The quantitative relationships among these structure parameters and activity coefficients at infinite dilution of hydrocarbons in 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([C4MIM][PF6]),1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([AMIM][BF4]),1-isobutenyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([MPMIM][BF4]) and [MPMIM][BF4]-AgBF4 ionic liquids were developed.The experimental activity coefficient data were in good correspondence with the correlated and predicted results using quantitative structure-property relationship(QSPR) models.At the same time, the interfacial tensions of solutes with [C4MIM][PF6]were measured.There were similar trends of change for activity coefficients at infinite dilution and interfacial tensions.So with the same structure parameters, a QSPR model for interfacial tension was developed and this model could correlate the experimental data well.
    Optimized modified Velocity Verlet algorithm for dissipative particle dynamics simulations
    FENG Jian;LIU Honglai;HU Ying
    2006, 57(8):  1841-1847. 
    Abstract ( 2001 )   PDF (940KB) ( 454 )  
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    A self-consistent optimized method for the parameter λ in the modified Velocity Verlet algorithm for dissipative particle dynamics simulation developed by Groot and Warren was obtained.The simulation results showed that the optimized modified Velocity Verlet algorithm had very good temperature stability and low computation time cost in dissipative particle dynamics simulations.
    Effects of autocongregation of polymer surfactants on solution meso-structure
    XU Hui;HUANG Yongmin;LIU Honglai
    2006, 57(8):  1848-1855. 
    Abstract ( 1038 )  
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    The dynamic density functional theory(DDFT)was used to study the autocongregation effects of diblock copolymer and triblock copolymer surfactant on the mesoscopic structure with the objects PEB[(PEO)11-(PBO)11]and PL64[(PEO)13-(PPO)30-(PEO)13].Under the autocongregation effect,the multilamellar vesicles of PEB were observed.A much greater lamellar number would be observed if the initial PEB congregation had better autocongregation,and on the contrary,much more water would be contained in the multilamellar vesicle if the initial PEB congregation had worse autocongregation.Under the autocongregation effect,the spheric mesoporous structure and congregation structure of spheres and coshes of PL64 were also observed.Furthermore,through depicting the evolution of order parameter and morphology,the formation mechanisms of the multilamellar vesicle of PEB,the spheric mesoporous structure and congregation structure of spheres and coshes of PL64 were presented.
    Thermodynamics of alkali aqueous solution in hydrothermal reaction vessel
    WANG Yan; LIU Chang;BAI Yang;CHEN Hengfang;JI Yuanhui;LU Xiaohua
    2006, 57(8):  1856-1864. 
    Abstract ( 929 )   PDF (1459KB) ( 1179 )  
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    The thermodynamics of aqueous NaOH/KOH solution at high temperatures and pressures in a hydrothermal vessel was studied.The Pitzer model for apparent molar volume was used to investigate the relationship of filling degree and pressure.The Pitzer model for activity coefficient was modified by considering the ion association effect and the new model parameters were given.The results showed that the pressure of 10 mol·kg-1 NaOH solution was 11.16 MPa while that of pure water was 136.7 MPa at 250℃ with the same filling degree of 90%, indicating that the pressures of alkali solutions were much lower than that of pure water under the same temperature and initial filling degree and a higher reaction temperature and a higher filling degree in the actual hydrothermal vessel was possible.In addition, the association degree of 5 mol·kg-1 aqueous NaOH/KOH was over 30% at 100℃, and it increased remarkably with temperature and initial molality, indicating that the real concentration of OH- was much lower than the apparent molality.This work would facilitate the study of the reaction occurring in the hydrothermal vessel.

    Film growth kinetics of ethylene hydrate

    LUO Hu;CHEN Guangjin;PENG Baozi
    2006, 57(8):  1865-1870. 
    Abstract ( 633 )   PDF (631KB) ( 267 )  
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    The growth kinetics of ethylene hydrate was studied by measuring the hydrate film growth rate on the surface of a suspended ethylene bubble in water at temperatures from 274.1 K to 280.1 K over a pressure range of 0.80—4.38 MPa. The dimensionless molar Gibbs free energy difference was used as the driving force to correlate the experimental data. The apparent activation energy of 61.23 kJ·mol-1 and the pre-exponential factor of 6.76×1011 mm2·s-1 were determined by regression of experimental data.The influence of pressure upon the film growth rate of ethylene hydrate at different temperatures was also investigated.

    Measurement and calculation of vapor-liquid equilibrium for dimethyl ether-methanol-water ternary system

    SONG Huaijun;ZHANG Haitao;YING Weiyong;FANG Dingye
    2006, 57(8):  1871-1876. 
    Abstract ( 947 )   PDF (818KB) ( 620 )  
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    The isothermal vapor-liquid equilibrium data for dimethyl ether-methanol-water ternary system were measured at 333.15 K,353.15 K,373.15 K and 393.15 K in a self-sucking type agitated static equilibrium cell.The effect of pressure and temperature on vapor-liquid equilibrium of dimethyl ether-methanol-water ternary system was analysed, the contents of dimethyl ether in vapor phase and liquid phase increased with increasing pressure, but decreased with increasing temperature.Thermodynamic calculation of vapor-liquid equilibrium data of dimethyl ether-methanol-water ternary system was carried out by using the method based on equation of state-activity coefficient,with PR equation for fugacity coefficients of vapor phase and NRTL equation for activity coefficients of liquid phase, and the calculated data were in agreement with the experiment data.
    传递现象
    Measurement and numerical simulation of concentration distribution on sieve tray
    SUN Zhimin;LIU Chunjiang;YUAN Xigang;YU Guocong (Yu, K.T.)
    2006, 57(8):  1877-1883. 
    Abstract ( 724 )   PDF (792KB) ( 217 )  
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    The concentration profiles of dissolved oxygen were experimentally measured when the water saturated with pure oxygen flowed through a sieve tray.The measured results showed that a concentration eddy existed in the sector where circulating flow took place.With a computational mass transfer (CMT) model, the distribution of concentration was simulated and compared with the experimental data.The simulated results were in reasonable agreement with the measurement.The turbulent mass transfer diffusivity profile was also obtained by the simulation.
    Characterization of micro-mixing in T-shaped micro-mixer
    ZHAO Yuchao;YING Ying;CHEN Guangwen;YUAN Quan
    2006, 57(8):  1884-1890. 
    Abstract ( 813 )   PDF (1794KB) ( 493 )  
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    The Villermaux-Dushman fast parallel competing reaction was used to determine quantitatively the micro-mixing performance in the T-shaped micromixer with 600 μm width and 300 μm depth. The flow was almost ideal plug flow in the Reynolds number range 55—1600 and its corresponding Péclet number ranged from 7.0×106 to 2.0×108.The effects of inlet and outlet scale, micro-channel length, volumetric flow ratio on the micro-mixing performance were studied in detail.The micro-mixing performance was expressed with segregation index, Xs.The smaller the Xs,the better the micro-mixing.The experimental results showed that Xs increased with increasing volumetric flow ratio at the same Re.There existed a critical Rec under the condition of different inlet and outlet geometric structures.Xs decreased with increasing Re when Re<Rec, while Xs reached about 2.7×10-4 and remained constant when Re>Rec, indicating that almost perfect mixing in the T-sharped micro-mixer was achieved.
    Measurements of diffusion coefficients for methane and carbon dioxide in activated meso-carbon microbeads
    WANG Fei;SHAO Xiaohong;WANG Wenchuan;XUE Ruisheng;SHEN Zengmin
    2006, 57(8):  1891-1896. 
    Abstract ( 694 )   PDF (934KB) ( 295 )  
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    Activated meso-carbon microbeads (a-MCMBs) as a kind of new carbon materials can store and purify natural gas.The diffusion of methane and carbon dioxide in a-MCMB prepared by the authors, was investigated by using the intelligent gravimetric analyzer apparatus (IGA-003, HIDEN) at 298 K and 258 K.The diffusion coefficients of methane and carbon dioxide were correlated in terms of the Fick diffusion model.The results indicated that the diffusion of methane and carbon dioxide in a-MCMB was intra-crystalline diffusion and the diffusion coefficients were of the order of magnitude 10-13 m2·s-1.Moreover, the diffusion coefficients of methane and carbon dioxide in a-MCMB all increased with temperature and decreased with pressure.In addition, the diffusion coefficients of methane were larger than those of carbon dioxide in a-MCMB at the same temperature and pressure.This conclusion is useful in studying the mass transfer process in the applications of a-MCMB as the adsorbent.
    Fogging and filming of high humidity gas flow under effect of cooling surface
    YU Hui;MA Kongjun;ZHU Jiahua;XIA Sulan;SHUAI Jianyun;MEI Yi
    2006, 57(8):  1897-1903. 
    Abstract ( 659 )   PDF (2155KB) ( 219 )  
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    With the k-ε method for gas-liquid two-phase flow, a model was developed to describe the processes of condensation happening in high humidity gas flow widely existing in process industries.A local driving force for condensation was introduced in the model to couple mass and heat transfer between the gas and liquid phases.Numerical simulation based on the model was carried out by using the CFD method.The profiles of temperature, steam fraction and liquid phase fraction were obtained numerically for turbulent flow of gas mixture in the annular space with an inner cooling pipe with constant wall temperature.It was shown that the generation of fog was controlled by the degree of local super-saturation, while the distribution of density of fog phase is affected mainly by the local driving force for heat transfer.Under the thermodynamic non-equilibrium and highly heterogeneous state, fogging was the dominant mechanism of the transportation between the two phases at the entrance section of the annular flow.As the development of fogging flow, a liquid film was formed along the cooling surface beginning near the position of x*=0.7.Consequently, the condensation was controlled by the mechanism of both fogging and filming.The simulation results were compared with the data obtained from the pilot experiment of cooling and condensation of high humidity gas exhausted from a granulator in an ammonium phosphate plant.Under the comparable conditions, the errors between the experimental data and the simulation results remained within ±9%.
    催化、动力学与反应器
    Simulation of a novel monolith catalytic reactor for coupled endothermic and exothermic reactions
    MEI Hong;YIN Fengxiang;CHEN Biaohua;LIU Hui;JI Shengfu;LI Chengyue
    2006, 57(8):  1904-1910. 
    Abstract ( 765 )   PDF (4452KB) ( 388 )  
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    A metal monolith reactor with complicated structure,used in coupled methane steam reforming-combustion,was investigated by using a heterogeneous model based on the whole reactor in this work.Preliminary results showed that the application was considerably attractive, and the significant effects on the reactor performance of the operating parameters,such as inlet gas velocity ratio of reforming side and combustion side, inlet gas temperature and volumetric flux ratio of combustion side and reforming side were presented.
    A new structured vanadium catalyst:design,manufacture and measurement
    LIANG Bin;JIANG Wei;HU Junwen
    2006, 57(8):  1911-1917. 
    Abstract ( 558 )   PDF (2203KB) ( 352 )  
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    A new structured vanadium catalyst(SVC) with inner intercrossed and regularly lined gas flow channels was designed and manufactured.The pressure-drop of the new catalyst was 2/3 lower than a commercial extruded vanadium catalyst.The slurry for the mould shaping during the manufacture of the new structured catalyst was specially processed.It increased the mechanical strength of the catalyst by 10 times.Stress distribution calculation showed that stress concentration existed in the channel corners.The maximum stress was 8—8.5 fold higher than the press force.The structured catalyst manufactured in optimal condition possessed comparable activity with the commercial catalyst and mechanical strength of 1.1 MPa.
    Methane aromatization in fluidized bed reactor
    HUANG He;QIAN Weizhong;WEI Tong;LI Yan;WEI Fei
    2006, 57(8):  1918-1922. 
    Abstract ( 832 )   PDF (2291KB) ( 287 )  
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    The conversion of methane to aromatics was investigated in a quartz fluidized bed reactor.It was observed that the induction period of catalyst and the conversion of methane were related to the reaction temperature,the partial pressure of methane and the space velocity of methane.The selectivity to benzene and naphthalene in liquid products showed different tendency with the deactivation of catalyst.All the main results(conversion of methane,yield and selectivity of benzene)were similar to the results in the micro-scale fixed bed.Also the effect of the coke deposited on the catalyst on methane conversion and catalyst deactivation was discussed,providing the basis for the further investigation.
    Ethylbenzene dehydrogenation in ZSM-5 zeolite membrane reactor
    WANG Jinqu;LI Bangmin;LIU Jianliang;LU Jinming;BAO Zhongying;MIAO Changxi
    2006, 57(8):  1923-1926. 
    Abstract ( 630 )   PDF (359KB) ( 242 )  
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    ZSM-5 zeolite membrane reactor was used in ethylbenzene dehydrogenation to styrene under the circumstances of commercial production.The experimental results indicated that the conversion of ethylbenzene in the membrane reactor increased with increasing pressure of the membrane tube.Using the inert sweep gas instead of vacuumizing, the result of long term steady operation under the same condition showed that the selectivity of styrene increased and the conversion of ethylbenzene in the membrane reactor increased by 7.52% in comparison with the fixed-bed reactor.
    分离工程

    Synergistic extraction behavior of p-aminobenzoic acid by di-2-ethylhexylphosphoric acid and tri-n-butylphosphate

    QIN Wei;XIAO Dan;LI Changqing;DAI Youyuan
    2006, 57(8):  1927-1932. 
    Abstract ( 541 )   PDF (489KB) ( 297 )  
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    Synergistic extraction equilibrium of p-aminobenzoic acid by the mixture extractant of di-2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) and tri-n-butylphosphate (TBP) in heptane was investigated at various initial pH values and D2EHPA, TBP concentrations, and a mathematical model was proposed to describe the extraction equilibrium.The results showed that the extraction of p-aminobenzoic acid with the mixed solvent presented synergistic effect by TBP bonded to —NH2 on p-aminobenzoic acid and D2EHPA associated with —COOH on p-aminobenzoic acid, and the synergistic effect was more obvious when D2EHPA concentration was close to TBP concentration.The apparent extraction equilibrium constants were obtained by fitting the experimental data to the models proposed in this paper, and the apparent extraction equilibrium constants for the mixture solvent of D2EHPA and TBP were much higher than those for D2EHPA and TBP solvent alone.
    Complexation adsorbent for ethylene-ethane separation:preparation and adsorption equilibrium
    CHEN Le;LIU Xiaoqin;YAO Huqing
    2006, 57(8):  1933-1937. 
    Abstract ( 543 )   PDF (584KB) ( 255 )  
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    The π-complexation adsorbent AgNO3/γ-Al2O3 was prepared from AgNO3 supported on γ-Al2O3 by the method of impregnation.The adsorbent is used for ethylene-ethane separation.The monolayer dispersion of AgNO3 on γ-Al2O3 was characterized with BET and XRD, and the maximum monolayer dispersion capacity of AgNO3 on γ-Al2O3 was calculated by XRD quantitative phase analysis.The adsorption equilibrium isotherms of ethylene and ethane on this adsorbent were measured at 38℃.The adsorption equilibrium data of ethylene and ethane could be properly fitted by the Langmuir-Freundlich model.The π-complexation adsorbent AgNO3/γ-Al2O3 had high equilibrium selectivity of ethylene,and the selective adsorption ratio of ethylene to ethane at 38℃ and 100 kPa was 10.1, showing its potential for commercial application.
    过程系统工程
    Improvement on flexibility of water-reusing system with multi-contaminants through changing network structure
    FENG Xiao;LIU Yongzhong;DUAN Haitao;ZHANG Tao
    2006, 57(8):  1938-1942. 
    Abstract ( 597 )   PDF (430KB) ( 170 )  
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    The integration of water-reusing system leads to intensive interactions among processes.The flexibility of the system can be improved by changing the water network structure.Regarding the water-reusing network system with multi-contaminants, the flexibility of the system was analyzed in this paper.Two indices, namely additional process control number and process connection number, were put forward and adopted to evaluate the flexibility of the system simultaneously.A stepwise mathematical model was proposed to minimize the amount of fresh water consumption,and optimize the additional process control number and process connection number of the network.In a case study on the water-reusing system with multi-contaminants, the feasibility of the model established in this paper is verified after the water reusing network that has the least amount of fresh water consumption as well as the smallest additional process control number and the smallest process connection number is realized.
    表面与界面工程

    Effects of different metal ions loaded onto activated carbon on adsorption of benzothiophene

    YU Moxin;LI Zhong;XIA Qibin;XI Hongxia
    2006, 57(8):  1943-1948. 
    Abstract ( 655 )   PDF (469KB) ( 527 )  
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    In this work, the effects of different metal ions loaded onto activated carbon on the adsorption of benzothiophene were investigated.Six kinds of transition metal ions were separately loaded on the activated carbon by the impregnation method.Isotherms of benzothiophene on the activated carbon were separately measured at different temperature, and then the variation of the adsorption of benzothiophene on the activated carbon was discussed with the help of the hard and soft acid and base (HSAB)principle.The results showed that loading Ag,Ni2+,Cu2+ or Zn2+ ion on the activated carbon obviously improved its adsorption of benzothiophene, while loading Fe3+or Co3+ion on the activated carbon caused a decrease in its adsorption of benzothiophene in comparison with the original unloaded activated carbon, which was due to the variation of the nature of soft and hard acid on the surface of the activated carbon. Absolute hardness calculation using the density functional theory (DFT) indicated that benzothiophene belonged to soft bases. Since Ag was a soft acid, the loading of Ag ion on the activated carbon led to an increase in the soft acid on its surface and thus improved its adsorption of benzothiophene, and since Ni2+,Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions belonged to borderline acids, the loading of these ions on the activated carbon led to an increase in the borderline acids on its surface and thus improved its adsorption of benzothiophene to some extent. Since Fe3+and Co3+ions belonged to hard acids, the loading of Fe3+or Co3+ion on the activated carbon led to an increase in the hard acid on its surface and consequently a decrease in its adsorption of benzothiophene.
    生物化学工程、制药、食品和天然产物加工
    Molecular simulation of protein-surfactant assembly in aqueous solution
    LU Diannan;YAN Ming;ZHANG Minlian;WU Jianzhong;LIU Zheng
    2006, 57(8):  1949-1956. 
    Abstract ( 745 )   PDF (1431KB) ( 325 )  
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    Langevin dynamics was applied to investigate the molecular assembly formed between an all β-sheet model protein and surfactants with different hydrophobicity and concentration.It was shown that surfactants with weak hydrophobicity (εs≤0.20) formed a cage and thus enhanced the stability of the
    entrapped protein.While surfactants with strong hydrophobicity (εs>0.20)formed a complex with the hydrophobic beads located in the interior region of the protein and led to the structural decomposition of the protein,i.e.,protein unfolding.The above coarse-grained simulation agreed well with experimental observations reported elsewhere.The molecular insight into the protein conformational transition,as established by the present simulation,can be used to guide the design and application of surfactant in bio-processing engineering.
    Purification and structural characterization of ε-PL produced by Kitasatospora sp.PL6-3
    ZHOU Jun;XU Hong;WANG Jun;YAO Zhong;WANG Hui;OUYANG Pingkai
    2006, 57(8):  1957-1961. 
    Abstract ( 760 )   PDF (603KB) ( 273 )  
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    ε-Poly-L-lysine(ε-PL) was isolated and purified from the culture broth of Kitasatospora sp.PL6-3.Through the ion exchange process and Sephadex G-25 gel filtration chromatography,a high purity product was obtained with overall yield of 81.2%.The purified ε-PL was characterized with UV, IR and HR/MAS NMR.Its relative molecular weights as determined by SDS-PAGE and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) were about 5.01×103 and 5.05×103 respectively, which was higher than the other ε-PL reported before.
    Dynamic modeling of controlled drug release performance in polymer microspheres
    ZHANG Lijuan;QIAN Yu;PAN Jizheng
    2006, 57(8):  1962-1967. 
    Abstract ( 658 )   PDF (1806KB) ( 1247 )  
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    The drug release model of the polymer microspheres was combined with the pharmaco-kinetics model.Drug release,absorption,and elimination were integrated in a general model,with which the drug concentration in plasma was estimated.Based on drug concentration profiles of a single dose,the superposition method was used to estimate the accumulation for steady state,by which the effects of drug release and dosing interval were evaluated.In comparison to oral administration of drug solution,the microspheres released drug at a sustained rate,generating much lower peak concentration,and the drug concentration fluctuation was also decreased significantly for multiple dosages.

    Identification and characterization of a PTA-degrading bacterial strain

    FENG Yangyang;CHEN Jun;LIU Bo;CHEN Yingwen;ZHENG Guoyang;LU Jianhua;SHEN Shubao
    2006, 57(8):  1968-1973. 
    Abstract ( 683 )   PDF (615KB) ( 369 )  
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    A strain PA-18 was isolated from the active sludge of p-phthalic acid (PTA) wastewater treatment in Yangtze Petrochemical Company.The 16SrDNA fragment was amplified from strain PA-18 by PCR,and the 16SrDNA sequence analysis indicated that strain PA-18 shared 99% 16SrDNA sequence homology with Pseudomonas sp..In the phylogenetic framework of bacterial classification,PA-18 belongs to Pseudomonas sp..Under the condition of temperature 37℃,pH 7.0 and OD660 nm2.0,the PTA decomposition rate of this bacterial strain was beyond 95% after 24 h.Meanwhile,this strain also could treat PTA wastewater with CODCr removal of 85%.p-Phthalic acid was degraded by the strain PA-18 through the intermediate formation of protocatechuic acid in the aerobic state.
    能源和环境工程
    Desulfurization of gasoline using intermetallic SnSb
    WU Zhiming;MA Jinhua;YUN Zhi;SHI Meiren
    2006, 57(8):  1974-1978. 
    Abstract ( 606 )   PDF (471KB) ( 218 )  
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    Using SnSb intermetallic compound to remove sulfur from gasoline was studied.The SnSb intermetallic compound was prepared by fusion-spraying,and used to remove sulfur from emulsified gasoline under normal pressure and temperature.Gasoline was first emulsified with water and surfactant to make water-in-oil emulsion.Several parameters which affect the efficiency of desulfurization were investigated and compared through the static desulfurization process,including preparation temperature of SnSb,proportion of SnSb to oil,reaction time and size of SnSb particles.The dynamic data of desulfurization under different direct current electric fields ranging from -15V to +15V were measured.The experimental results showed that the desulfurization efficiency of the dynamic process was much higher than that of the static process,the efficiency could be improved or reduced according to the direction and magnitude of the electric field imposed,and the highest desulfurization efficiency was above 45% in a single pass under a positive electric field of 2.5 V.
    材料科学与工程
    Properties of novel Al2O3-doped SrCo0.8Fe0.2O3-δ mixed conducting oxides
    WU Zhentao;ZHANG Chun;CHANG Xianfeng;JIN Wanqin;XU Nanping
    2006, 57(8):  1979-1985. 
    Abstract ( 543 )   PDF (502KB) ( 210 )  
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    A series of Al2O3-doped SrCo0.8Fe0.2O3-δ(SCFA) mixed conducting oxides were synthesized by the solid-state reaction method.XRD and TG were used to characterize the crystal structure and oxygen nonstoichiometry of the SCFA.The oxygen permeation processes and stability of the SCFA membrane were investigated by high temperature oxygen permeation measurement and thermal decomposition of carbon dioxide (TDCD) coupled with partial oxidation of methane (POM) to syngas.When the doping amount of Al2O3 was lower than 3%(mass), Al3+ cations were found to diffuse into the interstitial sites of SrCo0.8Fe0.2O3-δ(SCF) lattice, which greatly enhanced the structure stability of the materials synthesized.Both the bulk diffusion and surface exchange processes affected the oxygen permeation in SCFA3 [the doping amount of Al2O3 was 3%(mass)], and the characteristic thickness (Lc) of SCFA3 was about 131.5 μm.TDCD-POM reaction (1173 K) indicated that the stability of the Al2O3-doped SrCo0.8Fe0.2O3-δ was better than that of the ZrO2-doped SrCo0.4Fe0.6O3-δ(SCFZ).
    Particle morphology of syndiotactic polystyrene prepared with homogeneous metallocene catalyst
    LI Bogeng;YU Bo;FAN Rong; LIU Wei;CAO Kun
    2006, 57(8):  1986-1991. 
    Abstract ( 647 )   PDF (2550KB) ( 190 )  
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    Syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) was prepared by bulk polymerization with homogeneous metallocene catalystic system, Cp*Ti(OPh)3 or Cp*Ti(OPhOMe)3/MAO/TIBA.It was found that a fast crystallization of the produced sPS is very important to avoid gelation of the polymerizing mixture and prepare powdery product.But, it was due to crystallization nucleation mechanism that the morphology of produced particles was very irregular and extraordinarily difficult to manipulate.Adding a little sPS seed during polymerization did not improve particle morphology.However, regular particles with good morphology could be simply prepared by adding a little other polymer.When the added polymer (e.g. mEPDM) was immiscible with the amorphous sPS,spherical particles could be obtained.
    Synthesis and characterization of a novel coal-based aligned carbon film
    Liu Xuguang;Lin Xian;Fu Dongju; Li Tianbao;Yang Yongzhen;Xu Bingshe
    2006, 57(8):  1992-1996. 
    Abstract ( 608 )   PDF (1941KB) ( 190 )  
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    Aligned carbon film with novel structure was synthesized from Hongyuan washed coal by microwave plasma.Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to characterize the microstructure of the products.The results indicated that the products were formed in the shape of aligned bamboo shoots, their out-layers possessed a higher degree of graphitization, the maximum width was about 170 nm and the length was 4—5 μm.The novel aligned carbon film is expected to have a great applied potential of field emission and intensifier of composite materials.
    Preparation of ZrO2(3Y)encapsulated Al2O3 nanometer composite powders
    YANG Jian;LIU Jiao;QIU Tai;LIN Jie
    2006, 57(8):  1997-2001. 
    Abstract ( 677 )   PDF (792KB) ( 257 )  
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    ZrO2(3Y)encapsulated Al2O3 nano composite powders were prepared by heterogeneous nucleation combined with the liquid co-deposition method using pH buffer solution as precipitator.The synthesized powders were characterized with XRD and TEM.The results indicated that the isoelectric point of Al2O3 suspension shifted to acidic side and the absolute value of Zeta potential also increased when a dispersant was added into the suspension.At pH 9.56,the absolute value of Zeta potential reached the maximum and the suspension was most stable.The maximum yield of the precursor was obtained at pH 9.5 and the concentration of ZrOCl2and YCl3mixed solution 0.2 mol&#8226;L-1.There existed two phases,i.e.,α-Al2O3 and t-ZrO2,in the composite powders calcined at 600℃.TEM observation confirmed that nano ZrO2(3Y)particles with a diameter of 10 nm were formed on the surface of Al2O3 particles.