Progress in solvent and catalyst for hydrogenolysis of lignin

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20190928

Abstract

Abstract:

Lignin is a complex macromolecule formed by three types of phenylpropane units. It is the only renewable energy source in nature that can directly provide aromatic rings. The use of lignin as a raw material for the preparation of high-grade liquid fuels and high value-added chemicals, especially lignin hydrogenolysis is one of the hot research areas at home and abroad. Hydrogenolysis is one of the most promising methods for the depolymerization of lignin. This paper comprehensively summarizes influence of the solvent systems (aqueous and alcohol) and catalyst systems (homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts) commonly used in hydrogenolysis during recent years. Finally, several suggestions to relative research in the future are proposed.

Key words: lignin, hydrogenolysis, solvents, catalyst, phenol, conversion

摘要：

木质素是由三种苯丙烷单元随机键合形成的复杂大分子物质，是自然界中唯一可直接提供芳环的可再生能源。以木质素为原料制取高品位液体燃料和高附加值化学品，特别是木质素氢解是国内外关注的热门研究领域之一。梳理了近年木质素催化氢解研究进展，针对木质素氢解过程中溶剂体系（水溶剂以及醇类溶剂）和催化剂体系（均相催化剂以及非均相金属催化剂）对木质素氢解效率、产物分布的影响机理，做了较全面的概述和分析。最后，针对木质素催化氢解领域目前尚存在的问题提出建议，期望为木质素高值化利用相关研究提供参考。

关键词: 木质素, 氢解, 反应溶剂, 催化剂, 酚, 转化率

CLC Number:

TK 6

Wenjin WANG,Ying XU,Dongling WANG,Chenguang WANG,Longlong MA. Progress in solvent and catalyst for hydrogenolysis of lignin[J]. CIESC Journal, 2019, 70(12): 4519-4527.

王文锦,徐莹,王东玲,王晨光,马隆龙. 木质素氢解反应溶剂与催化剂研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70(12): 4519-4527.

Figures/Tables 3

References 77

1	George W, Huber S I. Synthesis of transportation fuels from biomass: chemistry, catalysts, and engineering[J]. Chem. Rev., 2006, 106: 4044-4098.
2	Achyuthan K E, Achyuthan A M, Adams P D, et al. Supramolecular self-assembled chaos: polyphenolic lignin s barrier to cost-effective lignocellulosic biofuels[J]. Molecules, 2010, 15(12): 8641-8688.
3	龙金星, 徐莹, 王铁军, 等. 木质素催化解聚与氢解[J]. 新能源进展, 2014, 2(2): 83-88.
	Long J X, Xu Y, Wang T J, et al. Catalytic depolymerization and hydrogenolysis of lignin[J]. Advances in New and Renewable Energy, 2014,2(2): 83-88.
4	路瑶, 魏贤勇, 宗志敏, 等. 木质素的结构研究与应用[J]. 化学进展, 2013, 25(5): 838-858.
	Lu Y, Wei X Y, Zong Z M, et al. Structural investigation and application of lignins[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2013,25(5): 838-858.
5	Li C, Zhao X, Wang A, et al. Catalytic transformation of lignin for the production of chemicals and fuels[J]. Chem. Rev., 2015, 115(21): 11559-11624.
6	Yue F X, Lu F C, Sun R C, et al. Synthesis and characterization of new 5-linked pinoresinol lignin models[J]. Chemistry-A European Journal, 2012, 18(51): 16402-16410.
7	Manara P, Zabaniotou A, Vanderghem C, et al. Lignin extraction from Mediterranean agro-wastes: impact of pretreatment conditions on lignin chemical structure and thermal degradation behavior[J]. Catalysis Today, 2014, 223: 25-34.
8	Klein A P, Beach E S, Emerson J W, et al. Accelerated solvent extraction of lignin from Aleurites moluccana (Candlenut) nutshells[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2010, 58(18): 10045-10048.
9	Hu L, Pan H, Zhou Y, et al. Methods to improve lignin s reactivity as a phenol substitute and as replacement for other phenolic compounds: a brief review[J]. Bioresources, 2011, 6(3): 3515-3525.
10	Zakzeski J, Bruijnincx P C A, Jongerius A L, et al. The catalytic valorization of lignin for the production of renewable chemicals[J]. Chemical Reviews, 2010, 110(6): 3552-3599.
11	隋鑫金. 工业木质素催化液化制备酚类化学品的研究[D]. 广州: 华南理工大学, 2011.
	Sui X J. Study on the catalytic liquefaction of industrial kraft lignin for the production of phenols[D]. Guangzhou: South China University of Technology, 2011.
12	赵媛媛. 木质素在不同水热环境中的解聚特性及产物形成规律研究[D]. 广州:华南理工大学, 2017.
	Zhao Y Y. Study on depolymerization characteristics and product formation of lignin in different hydrothermal conditions[D]. Guangzhou: South China University of Technology,2017.
13	Pandey M P, Kim C S. Lignin depolymerization and conversion: a review of thermochemical methods[J]. Chemical Engineering & Technology, 2011, 34(1): 29-41.
14	Gasser C A, Hommes G, Schaeffer A, et al. Multi-catalysis reactions: new prospects and challenges of biotechnology to valorize lignin[J]. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2012, 95(5): 1115-1134.
15	Chatel G, Rogers R D. Review: oxidation of lignin using ionic liquids—an innovative strategy to produce renewable chemicals[J]. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2013, 2(3): 322-339.
16	Behling R, Valange S, Chatel G. Heterogeneous catalytic oxidation for lignin valorization into valuable chemicals: What results? What limitations? What trends?[J]. Green Chemistry, 2016, 18(7): 1839-1854.
17	Kang S, Li X, Fan J, et al. Hydrothermal conversion of lignin: a review[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2013, 27: 546-558.
18	Shen D, Jin W, Hu J, et al. An overview on fast pyrolysis of the main constituents in lignocellulosic biomass to valued-added chemicals: structures, pathways and interactions[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2015, 51: 761-774.
19	Carpenter D, Westover T L, Czernik S, et al. Biomass feedstocks for renewable fuel production: a review of the impacts of feedstock and pretreatment on the yield and product distribution of fast pyrolysis bio-oils and vapors[J]. Green Chemistry, 2014, 16(2): 384-406.
20	Li S H, Liu S, Colmenares J C, et al. A sustainable approach for lignin valorization by heterogeneous photocatalysis[J]. Green Chemistry, 2016, 18(3): 594-607.
21	Xu C P, Arancon R A D, Labidi J, et al. Lignin depolymerisation strategies: towards valuable chemicals and fuels[J]. Chemical Society Reviews, 2014, 43(22): 7485-7500.
22	Deuss P J, Barta K, De Vries J G. Homogeneous catalysis for the conversion of biomass and biomass-derived platform chemicals[J]. Catalysis Science & Technology, 2014, 4(5): 1174-1196.
23	Espro C, Gumina B, Paone E, et al. Upgrading lignocellulosic biomasses: hydrogenolysis of platform derived molecules promoted by heterogeneous Pd-Fe catalysts[J]. Catalysts, 2017, 7(3):78.
24	Crestini C, Dauria M. Singlet oxygen in the photodegradation of lignin models[J]. Tetrahedron, 1997, 53(23): 7877-7888.
25	张颖, 翟勇祥. 木质素的催化加氢转化[J]. 化工学报, 2017, 68(3): 821-830.
	Zhang Y, Zhai Y X. Catalytic hydroprocessing of lignin[J]. CIESC Journal, 2017, 68(3): 821-830.
26	Gillet S, Aguedo M, Petitjean L, et al. Lignin transformations for high value applications: towards targeted modifications using green chemistry[J]. Green Chemistry, 2017, 19(18): 4200-4233.
27	Duval A, Lawoko M. A review on lignin-based polymeric, micro- and nano-structured materials[J]. Reactive and Functional Polymers, 2014, 85: 78-96.
28	Zakzeski J. The catalytic valorization of lignin for the production of renewable chemicals[J]. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering,2010, 110: 3552-3599.
29	Fu C X, Mielenz J R, Xiao X R, et al. Genetic manipulation of lignin reduces recalcitrance and improves ethanol production from switchgrass[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2011, 108(9): 3803-3808.
30	Chen F, Dixon R A. Lignin modification improves fermentable sugar yields for biofuel production[J]. Nature Biotechnology, 2007, 25: 759.
31	Luo H, Abu-Omar M M. Lignin extraction and catalytic upgrading from genetically modified poplar[J]. Green Chemistry, 2018, 20(3): 745-753.
32	Wang X, Rinaldi R. Solvent effects on the hydrogenolysis of diphenyl ether with Raney nickel and their implications for the conversion of lignin[J]. ChemSusChem, 2012, 5(8): 1455-1466.
33	Konnerth H, Zhang J, Ma D, et al. Base promoted hydrogenolysis of lignin model compounds and organosolv lignin over metal catalysts in water[J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 2015, 123: 155-163.
34	Wang D, Wang Y Y, Li X Y, et al. Lignin valorization: a novel in situ catalytic hydrogenolysis method in alkaline aqueous solution[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2018, 32(7): 7643-7651.
35	Qi S C, Hayashi J I, Kudo S, et al. Catalytic hydrogenolysis of kraft lignin to monomers at high yield in alkaline water[J]. Green Chemistry, 2017, 19(11): 2636-2645.
36	Zhang J W, Lu G P, Cai C. Self-hydrogen transfer hydrogenolysis of β-O-4 linkages in lignin catalyzed by MIL-100(Fe) supported Pd–Ni BMNPs[J]. Green Chemistry, 2017, 19(19): 4538-4543.
37	Li C, Zheng M, Wang A, et al. One-pot catalytic hydrocracking of raw woody biomass into chemicals over supported carbide catalysts: simultaneous conversion of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin[J]. Energy Environ. Sci., 2012, 5(4): 6383-6390.
38	Nimmanwudipong T, Runnebaum R C, Block D E, et al. Catalytic conversion of guaiacol catalyzed by platinum supported on alumina: reaction network including hydrodeoxygenation reactions[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2011, 25(8): 3417-3427.
39	Shu R, Zhang Q, Ma L, et al. Insight into the solvent, temperature and time effects on the hydrogenolysis of hydrolyzed lignin[J]. Bioresour. Technol., 2016, 221: 568-575.
40	Huang X, Koranyi T I, Boot M D, et al. Ethanol as capping agent and formaldehyde scavenger for efficient depolymerization of lignin to aromatics[J]. Green Chemistry, 2015, 17(11): 4941-4950.
41	Ma R, Hao W, Ma X, et al. Catalytic ethanolysis of kraft lignin into high-value small-molecular chemicals over a nanostructured alpha-molybdenum carbide catalyst[J]. Angewandte Chemie-International Edition, 2014, 53(28): 7310-7315.
42	Oregui-Bengoechea M, Gandarias I, Arias P L, et al. Solvent and catalyst effect in the formic acid aided lignin-to-liquids[J]. Bioresour. Technol., 2018, 270: 529-536.
43	Chen P, Zhang Q, Shu R, et al. Catalytic depolymerization of the hydrolyzed lignin over mesoporous catalysts[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2017, 226: 125-131.
44	Kong L, Liu C, Gao J, et al. Efficient and controllable alcoholysis of kraft lignin catalyzed by porous zeolite-supported nickel-copper catalyst[J]. Bioresour. Technol., 2019, 276: 310-317.
45	Hu J, Zhang S, Xiao R, et al. Catalytic transfer hydrogenolysis of lignin into monophenols over platinum-rhenium supported on titanium dioxide using isopropanol as in situ hydrogen source[J]. Bioresour. Technol., 2019, 279: 228-233.
46	Shu R, Long J, Yuan Z, et al. Efficient and product-controlled depolymerization of lignin oriented by metal chloride cooperated with Pd/C[J]. Bioresour. Technol., 2015, 179: 84-90.
47	Cheng C, Shen D, Gu S, et al. State-of-the-art catalytic hydrogenolysis of lignin for the production of aromatic chemicals[J]. Catalysis Science & Technology, 2018, 8(24): 6275-6296.
48	Marcus Y. The properties of organic liquids that are relevant to their use as solvating solvents[J]. Chemical Society Reviews, 1993, 22(6): 409-416.
49	Toledano A, Serrano L, Labidi J, et al. Heterogeneously catalysed mild hydrogenolytic depolymerisation of lignin under microwave irradiation with hydrogen-donating solvents[J]. ChemCatChem, 2013, 5(4): 977-985.
50	Oregui-Bengoechea M, Gandarias I, Arias P L, et al. Unraveling the role of formic acid and the type of solvent in the catalytic conversion of lignin: a holistic approach[J]. ChemSusChem, 2017, 10(4): 754-766.
51	Wu Z, Zhao X, Zhang J, et al. Ethanol/1,4-dioxane/formic acid as synergistic solvents for the conversion of lignin into high-value added phenolic monomers[J]. Bioresour. Technol., 2019, 278: 187-194.
52	Saisu M, Sato T, Watanabe M, et al. Conversion of lignin with supercritical water-phenol mixtures[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2003, 17: 922-928.
53	Zhou M, Sharma B K, Liu P, et al. Catalytic in situ hydrogenolysis of lignin in supercritical ethanol: effect of phenol, catalysts, and reaction temperature[J]. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2018, 6(5): 6867-6875.
54	Cheng S, cruz I D, Wang M, et al. Highly efficient liquefaction of woody biomass in hot-compressed alcohol-water co-solvents[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2010, 24(9): 4659-4667.
55	Barrett J A, Gao Y, Bernt C M, et al. Enhancing aromatic production from reductive lignin disassembly: in situo-methylation of phenolic intermediates[J]. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2016, 4(12): 6877-6886.
56	Gosselink R J, Teunissen W, Van Dam J E, et al. Lignin depolymerisation in supercritical carbon dioxide/acetone/water fluid for the production of aromatic chemicals[J]. Bioresour. Technol., 2012, 106: 173-177.
57	Huang X, Ouyang X, Hendriks B M S, et al. Selective production of mono-aromatics from lignocellulose over Pd/C catalyst: the influence of acid co-catalysts[J]. Faraday Discussions, 2017, 202: 141-156.
58	Zhang X, Zhang Q, Long J, et al. Phenolics production through catalytic depolymerization of alkali lignin with metal chlorides[J]. Bioresources, 2014, 9(2): 3347-3360.
59	Hidajat M J, Riaz A, Park J, et al. Depolymerization of concentrated sulfuric acid hydrolysis lignin to high-yield aromatic monomers in basic sub- and supercritical fluids[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2017, 317: 9-19.
60	Sergeev A G, Webb J D, Hartwig J F. A heterogeneous nickel catalyst for the hydrogenolysis of aryl ethers without arene hydrogenation[J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2012, 134(50): 20226-20229.
61	Sergeev A G, Hartwig J F. Selective, nickel-catalyzed hydrogenolysis of aryl ethers[J]. Science, 2011, 332: 439-443.
62	Van Den Bosch S, Schutyser W, Vanholme R, et al. Reductive lignocellulose fractionation into soluble lignin-derived phenolic monomers and dimers and processable carbohydrate pulps[J]. Energy & Environmental Science, 2015, 8(6): 1748-1763.
63	Xu W, Miller S J, Agrawal P K, et al. Depolymerization and hydrodeoxygenation of switchgrass lignin with formic acid[J]. ChemSusChem, 2012, 5(4): 667-675.
64	Barta K, Warner G R, Beach E S, et al. Depolymerization of organosolv lignin to aromatic compounds over Cu-doped porous metal oxides[J]. Green Chemistry, 2014, 16(1): 191-196.
65	Warner G, Hansen T S, Riisager A, et al. Depolymerization of organosolv lignin using doped porous metal oxides in supercritical methanol[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2014, 161: 78-83.
66	Yang Z, Wei X Y, Zhang M, et al. Catalytic hydroconversion of aryl ethers over a nickel catalyst supported on acid-modified zeolite 5A[J]. Fuel Processing Technology, 2018, 177: 345-352.
67	Zhu C, Cao J P, Zhao X Y, et al. Mechanism of Ni-catalyzed selective C—O cleavage of lignin model compound benzyl phenyl ether under mild conditions[J]. Journal of the Energy Institute, 2019, 92(1): 74-81.
68	Yadagiri J, Koppadi K S, Enumula S S, et al. Ni/KIT-6 catalysts for hydrogenolysis of lignin-derived diphenyl ether[J]. Journal of Chemical Sciences, 2018, 130(8): 106-112.
69	Macala G S, Matson T D, Johnson C L, et al. Hydrogen transfer from supercritical methanol over a solid base catalyst: a model for lignin depolymerization[J]. ChemSusChem, 2009, 2(3): 215-217.
70	Barta K, Matson T D, Fettig M L, et al. Catalytic disassembly of an organosolv lignin via hydrogen transfer from supercritical methanol[J]. Green Chemistry, 2010, 12: 1640-1647.
71	Barta K, Ford P C. Catalytic conversion of nonfood woody biomass solids to organic liquids[J]. Acc. Chem. Res., 2014, 47(5): 1503-1512.
72	Rautiainen S, Di Francesco D, Katea S N, et al. Lignin valorization by cobalt-catalyzed fractionation of lignocellulose to yield monophenolic compounds[J]. ChemSusChem, 2019, 12(2): 404-408.
73	Zhang J, Asakura H, Van Rijn J, et al. Highly efficient, NiAu-catalyzed hydrogenolysis of lignin into phenolic chemicals[J]. Green Chemistry, 2014, 16(5): 2432-2437.
74	Zhang J W, Cai Y, Lu G P, et al. Facile and selective hydrogenolysis of β-O-4 linkages in lignin catalyzed by Pd-Ni bimetallic nanoparticles supported on ZrO₂[J]. Green Chemistry, 2016, 18(23): 6229-6235.
75	Zhai Y, Li C, Xu G, et al. Depolymerization of lignin via a non-precious Ni–Fe alloy catalyst supported on activated carbon[J]. Green Chemistry, 2017, 19(8): 1895-1903.
76	Mavrikakis M, Hammer B, Norskov J K. Effect of strain on the reactivity of metal surfaces[J]. Physical Review Letters, 1998, 81(13): 2819-2822.
77	Gao X, Zhu S, Li Y. Selective hydrogenolysis of lignin and model compounds to monophenols over AuPd/CeO₂[J]. Molecular Catalysis, 2019, 462: 69-76.

Solvent	Catalyst	Reaction conditions	Reactant	Product	Conversion/%	Selectivity/%
basic water	NiAl alloy	220℃，Ar	poplar wood lignin	monomer+oligomer	86.8	18.9
basic water	Ni/ZSM-5	200℃，4 MPa	OKL	bio-oil	83	—
water	Pd₁Ni₄/MIL-100(Fe)	180℃，6 h	organosolv lignin	phenol and guaiacol derivates	100	—
methanol	Raney Ni	300℃，8 h	organosolv lignin	unsaturates	86	—
methanol	Pd/C+CrCl₃	300℃，4 h	hydrolysis lignin	monomer	81.4	26.3
ethanol	Ru/C	300℃，10 h	lignin	oil	—	75.8
ethanol	Ni/Al-SBA-15	300℃，4 h	hydrolysis lignin	phenolic monomers	>90	21.9
2-propanol	Raney Ni	300℃，8 h	organosolv lignin	saturates	91	—
isopropanol	Ni-Cu/H-Beta	330℃，3 h	lignin	monomer	98.8	50.83
isopropanol	Pt Re/TiO₂	240℃，He	lignin	monomer phenol	—	18.7
ethanol/1,4-dioxane	formic	300℃，2 h	kraft lignin	monomer phenol	—	22.4
SC-ethanol/phenol	Cu Ni Al	290℃，3 h	alkali lignin	bio-oil	81.8	—

Solvent	Catalyst	Reaction conditions	Reactant	Product	Conversion/%	Selectivity/%
basic water	NiAl alloy	220℃，Ar	poplar wood lignin	monomer+oligomer	86.8	18.9
basic water	Ni/ZSM-5	200℃，4 MPa	OKL	bio-oil	83	—
water	Pd₁Ni₄/MIL-100(Fe)	180℃，6 h	organosolv lignin	phenol and guaiacol derivates	100	—
methanol	Raney Ni	300℃，8 h	organosolv lignin	unsaturates	86	—
methanol	Pd/C+CrCl₃	300℃，4 h	hydrolysis lignin	monomer	81.4	26.3
ethanol	Ru/C	300℃，10 h	lignin	oil	—	75.8
ethanol	Ni/Al-SBA-15	300℃，4 h	hydrolysis lignin	phenolic monomers	>90	21.9
2-propanol	Raney Ni	300℃，8 h	organosolv lignin	saturates	91	—
isopropanol	Ni-Cu/H-Beta	330℃，3 h	lignin	monomer	98.8	50.83
isopropanol	Pt Re/TiO₂	240℃，He	lignin	monomer phenol	—	18.7
ethanol/1,4-dioxane	formic	300℃，2 h	kraft lignin	monomer phenol	—	22.4
SC-ethanol/phenol	Cu Ni Al	290℃，3 h	alkali lignin	bio-oil	81.8	—

Catalyst	Reaction condition	Reactant	Product	Conversion/%	Selectivity/%
Pd/C+CrCl₃	280℃,5 h	alkali lignin	monophenols	—	28.5
Ni/Al-SBA-15	300℃,4 h	hydrolysis lignin	monophenol	>90	21.9
Co-phen/C	200℃,2 h	birch lignin	monophenol	—	34
Ni₇Au₃	170℃,12 h	organoslov lignin	aromatic monomers	—	14
Pd Ni/ZrO₂	80℃,6 h	model compounds	aromatic monomers	>80	—
Pt Re/TiO₂	240℃,12 h	birch lignin	monophenol	—	18.71
Ni Fe/AC	225℃,2 MPa H₂	organosolv lignin	monophenol	—	23.2
Au₁Pd₁/CeO₂	180℃,6 h	organosolv lignin	monophenol	—	44.1

Catalyst	Reaction condition	Reactant	Product	Conversion/%	Selectivity/%
Pd/C+CrCl₃	280℃,5 h	alkali lignin	monophenols	—	28.5
Ni/Al-SBA-15	300℃,4 h	hydrolysis lignin	monophenol	>90	21.9
Co-phen/C	200℃,2 h	birch lignin	monophenol	—	34
Ni₇Au₃	170℃,12 h	organoslov lignin	aromatic monomers	—	14
Pd Ni/ZrO₂	80℃,6 h	model compounds	aromatic monomers	>80	—
Pt Re/TiO₂	240℃,12 h	birch lignin	monophenol	—	18.71
Ni Fe/AC	225℃,2 MPa H₂	organosolv lignin	monophenol	—	23.2
Au₁Pd₁/CeO₂	180℃,6 h	organosolv lignin	monophenol	—	44.1

[1]	Meisi CHEN, Weida CHEN, Xinyao LI, Shangyu LI, Youting WU, Feng ZHANG, Zhibing ZHANG. Advances in silicon-based ionic liquid microparticle enhanced gas capture and conversion [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(9): 3628-3639.
[2]	Jie CHEN, Yongsheng LIN, Kai XIAO, Chen YANG, Ting QIU. Study on catalytic synthesis of sec-butanol by tunable choline-based basic ionic liquids [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(9): 3716-3730.
[3]	Yitong LI, Hang GUO, Hao CHEN, Fang YE. Study on operating conditions of proton exchange membrane fuel cells with non-uniform catalyst distributions [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(9): 3831-3840.
[4]	Baiyu YANG, Yue KOU, Juntao JIANG, Yali ZHAN, Qinghong WANG, Chunmao CHEN. Chemical conversion of dissolved organic matter in petrochemical spent caustic along a wet air oxidation pretreatment process [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(9): 3912-3920.
[5]	Minghao SONG, Fei ZHAO, Shuqing LIU, Guoxuan LI, Sheng YANG, Zhigang LEI. Multi-scale simulation and study of volatile phenols removal from simulated oil by ionic liquids [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(9): 3654-3664.
[6]	Xuejin YANG, Jintao YANG, Ping NING, Fang WANG, Xiaoshuang SONG, Lijuan JIA, Jiayu FENG. Research progress in dry purification technology of highly toxic gas PH₃ [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(9): 3742-3755.
[7]	Jiaqi YUAN, Zheng LIU, Rui HUANG, Lefu ZHANG, Denghui HE. Investigation on energy conversion characteristics of vortex pump under bubble inflow [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(9): 3807-3820.
[8]	Shaoqi YANG, Shuheng ZHAO, Lungang CHEN, Chenguang WANG, Jianjun HU, Qing ZHOU, Longlong MA. Hydrodeoxygenation of lignin-derived compounds to alkanes in Raney Ni-protic ionic liquid system [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(9): 3697-3707.
[9]	Wenjie XU, Xianfeng JIA, Jitong WANG, Wenming QIAO, Licheng LING, Renping WANG, Zijian YU, Yinxu ZHANG. Preparation and properties of silicone/phenolic hybrid aerogel [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(8): 3572-3583.
[10]	Feifei YANG, Shixi ZHAO, Wei ZHOU, Zhonghai NI. Sn doped In₂O₃ catalyst for selective hydrogenation of CO₂ to methanol [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(8): 3366-3374.
[11]	Kaixuan LI, Wei TAN, Manyu ZHANG, Zhihao XU, Xuyu WANG, Hongbing JI. Design of cobalt-nitrogen-carbon/activated carbon rich in zero valent cobalt active site and application of catalytic oxidation of formaldehyde [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(8): 3342-3352.
[12]	Xin YANG, Xiao PENG, Kairu XUE, Mengwei SU, Yan WU. Preparation of molecularly imprinted-TiO₂ and its properties of photoelectrocatalytic degradation of solubilized PHE [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(8): 3564-3571.
[13]	Yajie YU, Jingru LI, Shufeng ZHOU, Qingbiao LI, Guowu ZHAN. Construction of nanomaterial and integrated catalyst based on biological template: a review [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(7): 2735-2752.
[14]	Pan LI, Junyang MA, Zhihao CHEN, Li WANG, Yun GUO. Effect of the morphology of Ru/α-MnO₂ on NH₃-SCO performance [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(7): 2908-2918.
[15]	Yuming TU, Gaoyan SHAO, Jianjie CHEN, Feng LIU, Shichao TIAN, Zhiyong ZHOU, Zhongqi REN. Advances in the design, synthesis and application of calcium-based catalysts [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(7): 2717-2734.