碱式硫酸镁多孔吸声材料的制备及性能研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20201731

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对青海盐湖地区弃置堆积的水氯镁石难以规模化消纳问题，制备了碱式硫酸镁（BMS）水泥基多孔吸声材料，研究了原料硫酸镁、引气剂十四烷基甜菜碱（C₁₄BE）和矿物掺合料粉煤灰（FA）等对材料的微观孔结构和性能的影响。结果表明，硫酸镁和C₁₄BE的浓度对溶液的起泡性能和泡沫稳定性影响显著，当二者浓度分别为2.4 mol/L（水灰比为1.1）和9.8 mmol/L时，所制得的BMS多孔材料的孔径大、开孔率高，抗压强度为2.0 MPa，降噪系数（NRC）可达0.70；FA掺杂使材料的孔壁增厚、力学性能提升，同时开孔率下降、吸声性能降低，但即使FA掺量增至40%，其NRC值仍然可达0.51。BMS多孔吸声材料的研制不仅为噪声控制领域提供了一种新型无机非金属材料，而且为盐湖镁资源的有效利用提供了一条新途径。

关键词: 碱式硫酸镁水泥, 多孔吸声材料, 制备, 性能, 泡沫, 开孔率

Abstract:

In the salt lake area of Qinghai, China, large-scale utilization of bischofite generated by decades of potassium exploitation has been a big issue. This paper reports a base magnesium sulfate (BMS) porous sound-absorbing material prepared using BMS cement as matrix material, tetradecyl betaine (C₁₄BE) as air-entraining agent, and fly ash (FA) as mineral admixture. The effects of the concentrations of magnesium sulfate and C₁₄BE, together with the dosage of FA on the pore structure, compressive strength and acoustic performance of BMS porous materials were investigated as well. The results reveal that the concentrations of magnesium sulfate and C₁₄BE have significant impacts on the foamability and foam stability of the solution. The foaming is inhibited by highly concentrated MgSO₄ solution due to high viscosity and decrease in the solubility of C₁₄BE caused by a strong salting-out effect, whereas the foam stability is enhanced because of the remarkably increased surface tension and intermolecular force in the liquid film. The optimal concentrations of MgSO₄ and C₁₄BE are determined as 2.4 mol/L and 9.8 mmol/L, respectively, under which the prepared materials are possessing of large pore size, high open porosity, excellent acoustic and mechanical performances. The noise reduction coefficient (NRC) and compressive strength of the porous BMS sound-absorbing material reach as high as 0.70 and 2.0 MPa with a density of 309 kg/m³. In addition, FA doping can lead to a decrease in open porosity and pore wall thickening in the porous materials, which is harmful to the sound absorption performance. Nevertheless, the NRC value of the BMS porous material reaches 0.51 with a FA dosage of 40%, which can still meet the requirement of sound-absorbing materials used at highway, railway, etc. The development of BMS porous sound-absorbing materials not only provides a new type of inorganic non-metallic materials for the field of noise control, but also provides a new way for the effective utilization of salt lake magnesium resources.

Key words: base magnesium sulfate cement, porous sound absorbing materials, preparation, performance, foam, open porosity

中图分类号:

TQ 172.7

周冬冬, 方莉, 杨巧珍, 邱瑞芳, 程芳琴. 碱式硫酸镁多孔吸声材料的制备及性能研究[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(6): 3041-3052.

ZHOU Dongdong, FANG Li, YANG Qiaozhen, QIU Ruifang, CHENG Fangqin. Preparation and performance of base magnesium sulfate porous sound absorbing materials[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(6): 3041-3052.

图/表 17

表1 氧化镁的化学组成及反应活性

Table 1 Chemical composition and reactivity of the used MgO

化学组成 (质量分数)/ %						柠檬酸活性值/s
MgO	α-MgO^①	SO₃	Cl	SiO₂	烧失量	柠檬酸活性值/s
96.30	93.37	1.23	0.39	0.10	1.98	234

图1 十四烷基甜菜碱(C14BE)的分子结构式及CMC测定

Fig.1 Schematic structure and CMC measurement of C14BE

图2 粉煤灰的粒径分布

Fig.2 Particle size distribution of fly ash

图3 BMS多孔吸声材料的制备流程图

Fig.3 Schematic illustration of preparation procedure for porous BMS sound-absorbing material

图4 孔结构分析方法示意图(红色区域表示闭孔，蓝色区域代表连通孔，白色区域代表孔间壁)

Fig.4 The schematic diagram of pore structure analysis

图5 不同C14BE浓度下BMS多孔吸声材料的SEM图（水灰比为 1.1）

Fig.5 SEM images of porous BMS sound-absorbing materials at different C14BE concentrations

图6 不同C14BE浓度下BMS多孔吸声材料的降噪系数和孔隙率（水灰比为 1.1）

Fig.6 NRC and porosity of porous BMS sound-absorbing materials at different C14BE concentrations

图7 不同C14BE浓度下BMS多孔吸声材料的干密度和抗压强度（水灰比为 1.1）

Fig.7 Density and compressive strength of porous BMS sound-absorbing materials at different C14BE concentrations

图8 不同水灰比下BMS多孔吸声材料的SEM图（C14BE浓度为9.8 mmol/L）

Fig.8 SEM images of porous BMS sound-absorbing materials at different w/c ratios

图9 不同水灰比下BMS多孔吸声材料的降噪系数与孔隙率（C14BE浓度为9.8 mmol/L）

Fig.9 NRC and porosity of porous BMS sound-absorbing materials at different w/c ratios

图10 不同水灰比下BMS多孔吸声材料的干密度和抗压强度（C14BE浓度为9.8 mmol/L）

Fig.10 Density and compressive strength of porous BMS sound-absorbing materials at different w/c ratios

图11 不同C14BE浓度下硫酸镁溶液的发泡高度(a)和排液量(b)[MgSO4溶液的浓度为2.4 mol/L；图(b)中箭头方向为C14BE浓度由1.4增大至14.0 mmol/L]

Fig.11 Foam height (a) and drainage (b) of MgSO4 solutions at different C14BE concentrations

图12 不同浓度的硫酸镁溶液的发泡高度(a)和排液量(b)（C14BE的浓度为9.8 mmol/L）

Fig.12 Foam height (a) and drainage (b) of MgSO4 solutions at different concentrations

图13 不同FA掺量BMS多孔吸声材料的干密度和抗压强度（水灰比为 1.1，C14BE浓度为9.8 mmol/L）

Fig.13 Density and compressive strength of porous BMS sound-absorbing material at different FA dosages

图14 不同FA掺量BMS多孔吸声材料的XRD谱图（水灰比为1.1，C14BE浓度为9.8 mmol/L）

Fig.14 XRD patterns of porous BMS sound-absorbing materials with different FA dosages

图15 不同FA掺量BMS多孔吸声材料的SEM图（水灰比为 1.1，C14BE浓度为9.8 mmol/L）

Fig. 15 SEM images of porous BMS sound-absorbing materials at different FA dosages

图16 不同FA掺量BMS多孔吸声材料的降噪系数和孔隙率（水灰比为1.1，C14BE浓度为9.8 mmol/L）

Fig.16 NRC and porosity of porous BMS sound-absorbing materials at different FA dosages

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