时空调控微柱表面浸润性强化单气泡沸腾换热

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20201427

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

微结构耦合浸润性调控是目前强化核态沸腾换热的主要手段，针对水工质在单晶硅微柱表面的核态沸腾过程，采用CFD-VOF三维数值模拟方法，对比研究时间及空间分别调控表面浸润性对沸腾气泡动力学、相界面形变及传热性能的影响。结果表明：亲水性增强使得气泡界面曲率增大、合力增强，促使气泡的脱离；空间调控主要表现为增大气泡体积，时间调控则主要表现为优化气泡动力学过程，提高热流较大的生长阶段在整个气泡周期内的占比，从而强化换热；本实验工况下，空间梯度浸润表面以及在生长阶段提高壁面亲水性，均可大幅度提高单气泡沸腾换热性能，平均热流最大可提高42.7%；考虑微尺度下梯度浸润性加工难度，时间调控浸润性强化沸腾换热具有更好的发展前景。

关键词: 浸润性, 时空调控, 数值模拟, 核态沸腾, 气泡动力学

Abstract:

Microstructure coupled wettability control is currently the main method to enhance nucleate boiling heat transfer. In this work, the CFD-VOF three-dimensional numerical method is conducted to compare the influence of wettability modulation with time and space on bubble dynamics, phase interface deformation and heat transfer performance. The results show that the hydrophilicity increases the curvature and the resultant force at the bubble interface which promotes the departure of the bubble. Space modulation mainly increases the bubble volume, while the time modulation always optimizes the bubble dynamic and increases the proportion of the growth stage in the entire bubble cycle, leads to an obviously enhancement of heat transfer. Both the space gradient wettability modulation and the hydrophilicity improvement in growth stage can improve the heat transfer performance of single bubble boiling significantly, and the average heat flow increases by 42.7%. Considering the difficulty in manufacturing gradient wettability surfaces at micro-scale, time modulation wettability has a better development prospect in boiling heat transfer enhancement.

Key words: wettability, time and space modulation, numerical simulation, nucleate boiling, bubble dynamic

中图分类号:

TK 124

陈宏霞, 李林涵, 王逸然, 郭宇翔, 刘霖. 时空调控微柱表面浸润性强化单气泡沸腾换热[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(6): 3278-3287.

CHEN Hongxia, LI Linhan, WANG Yiran, GUO Yuxiang, LIU Lin. Enhancement of single bubble boiling heat transfer on micropillar surface by wettability modulation with time and space[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(6): 3278-3287.

图/表 9

图1 计算域的设置

Fig.1 Setting of computational domain

表1 数值模拟涉及工质的物性参数

Table 1 Physical parameters employed in the numerical simulations

材料	密度/(kg/m³)	比热容/(J/(kg·K))	热导率/(W/(m·K))	黏度/(kg/(m·s))	气液界面表面张力系数/(N/m)
单晶硅	2330	766	148	—	—
液态水	958.4566	4215.5	0.6722	0.000282026	0.06164
水蒸气	0.5976	2079.8	0.0246	1.22×10^-3	0.06164

图2 空间调控的两种方式

Fig.2 Two cases of space modulation

图3 气泡体积Vbubble随时间t的变化

Fig.3 Variation of bubble volume Vbubble with time t

图4 气泡与壁面接触面积随时间的变化

Fig.4 Variation of contact area with time

图5 温度分布云图(t = 0.50 ms，y=0截面)

Fig.5 Temperature distribution with y=0 at t = 0.5 ms

图6 成核点过热度ΔT随时间t的变化

Fig.6 Variation of superheat ΔT with time t at the nucleation sites

图7 气泡蒸发速率随时间t的变化

Fig.7 Variation of evaporation rate with time t

图8 热流α(t)随t / td的变化

Fig.8 Variation of heat flow α(t) with t / td

参考文献 32

1	Deb S, Pal S, Das D C, et al. Surface wettability change on TF nanocoated surfaces during pool boiling heat transfer of refrigerant R-141b[J]. Heat and Mass Transfer, 2020, 56(12): 3273-3287.
2	Hsu C C, Chen P H. Surface wettability effects on critical heat flux of boiling heat transfer using nanoparticle coatings[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2012, 55(13/14): 3713-3719.
3	Phan H T, Caney N, Marty P, et al. Surface wettability control by nanocoating: the effects on pool boiling heat transfer and nucleation mechanism[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2009, 52(23/24): 5459-5471.
4	Kumar V, Gajghate S S, Nath U, et al. Experimental studies on nucleate pool boiling heat transfer enhancement for composite nano-structure coated copper heating surface[J]. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2019, 1240: 012055.
5	Quan X J, Wang D M, Cheng P. An experimental investigation on wettability effects of nanoparticles in pool boiling of a nanofluid[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2017, 108: 32-40.
6	Zhao Z C, Zhang J J, Jia D D, et al. Thermal performance analysis of pool boiling on an enhanced surface modified by the combination of microstructures and wetting properties[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2017, 117: 417-426.
7	Zhang L, Wang T, Jiang Y Y, et al. A study of boiling on surfaces with temperature-dependent wettability by lattice Boltzmann method[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2018, 122: 775-784.
8	Dong L N, Quan X J, Cheng P. An experimental investigation of enhanced pool boiling heat transfer from surfaces with micro/nano-structures[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2014, 71: 189-196.
9	Kim S H, Lee G C, Kang J Y, et al. Boiling heat transfer and critical heat flux evaluation of the pool boiling on micro structured surface[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2015, 91: 1140-1147.
10	Wei J J, Guo L J, Honda H. Experimental study of boiling phenomena and heat transfer performances of FC-72 over micro-pin-finned silicon chips[J]. Heat and Mass Transfer, 2005, 41(8): 744-755.
11	Zhang Y H, Wei J J, Xue Y F, et al. Bubble dynamics in nucleate pool boiling on micro-pin-finned surfaces in microgravity[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2014, 70(1): 172-182.
12	Gouws G J, Sherson B, Sinnathambi A, et al. Influence of structure and wettability of porous silver surfaces on enhancing phase change heat transfer[C]//2018 17th IEEE Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems (ITherm). San Diego, CA, 2018: 134-140.
13	Može M, Senegačnik M, Gregorčič P, et al. Laser-engineered microcavity surfaces with a nanoscale superhydrophobic coating for extreme boiling performance[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2020, 12(21): 24419-24431.
14	Zhang W, Chai Y Z, Xu J L, et al. 3D heterogeneous wetting microchannel surfaces for boiling heat transfer enhancement[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2018, 457: 891-901.
15	Zhang B J, Kim K J, Yoon H. Enhanced heat transfer performance of alumina sponge-like nano-porous structures through surface wettability control in nucleate pool boiling[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2012, 55(25/26): 7487-7498.
16	陈彦君. 电场强化纳米流体换热特性的实验与数值模拟研究[D]. 上海: 上海交通大学, 2016.
	Chen Y J. Experimental and numerical study of the heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids under high electric field[D]. Shanghai: Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2016.
17	Asadzadeh F, Esfahany M N, Etesami N. Natural convective heat transfer of Fe₃O₄/ethylene glycol nanofluid in electric field[J]. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2012, 62: 114-119.
18	黄浩. 纳米金刚石和石墨烯的表面修饰及其电泳行为研究[D]. 秦皇岛: 燕山大学, 2012.
	Huang H. Study on surface modification and electrophoresis behavior for nanodiamond and graphene[D]. Qinhuangdao: Yanshan University, 2012.
19	Zhou Z, Shi J X, Chen H H, et al. Two-phase flow over flooded micro-pillar structures with engineered wettability pattern[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2014, 71: 593-605.
20	Zou L, Wang H, Zhu X, et al. Active effect of super-hydrophobicity on droplet nucleate boiling[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2020, 157: 119942.
21	Jo H, Kim S, Park H S, et al. Critical heat flux and nucleate boiling on several heterogeneous wetting surfaces: controlled hydrophobic patterns on a hydrophilic substrate[J]. International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 2014, 62: 101-109.
22	Motezakker A R, Sadaghiani A K, Çelik S, et al. Optimum ratio of hydrophobic to hydrophilic areas of biphilic surfaces in thermal fluid systems involving boiling[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2019, 135: 164-174.
23	Betz A R, Jenkins J, Kim C J, et al. Boiling heat transfer on superhydrophilic, superhydrophobic, and superbiphilic surfaces[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2013, 57(2): 733-741.
24	Chen X D, Qiu H H. Bubble dynamics and heat transfer on a wettability patterned surface[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2015, 88: 544-551.
25	Jo H, Yu D I, Noh H, et al. Boiling on spatially controlled heterogeneous surfaces: wettability patterns on microstructures[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2015, 106(18): 181602.
26	Li W X, Li Q, Yu Y, et al. Enhancement of nucleate boiling by combining the effects of surface structure and mixed wettability: a lattice Boltzmann study[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2020, 180: 115849.
27	陈宏霞, 孙源, 宫逸飞, 等. 单晶硅表面池沸腾可视化测量及数据分析[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70(4): 1309-1317.
	Chen H X, Sun Y, Gong Y F, et al. Visual measurement and data analysis of pool boiling on silicon surfaces[J]. CIESC Journal, 2019, 70(4): 1309-1317.
28	Chen H X, Sun Y, Xiao H Y, et al. Bubble dynamics and heat transfer characteristics on a micropillar-structured surface with different nucleation site positions[J]. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2020, 141(1): 447-464.
29	陈宏霞, 孙源, 肖红洋, 等. 微柱结构表面核态沸腾单气泡的数值模拟[J]. 化工进展, 2019, 38(11): 4845-4855.
	Chen H X, Sun Y, Xiao H Y, et al. Numerical simulation of single bubble boiling on micro-pillar structure surface[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2019, 38(11): 4845-4855.
30	Utaka Y, Kashiwabara Y, Ozaki M, et al. Heat transfer characteristics based on microlayer structure in nucleate pool boiling for water and ethanol[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2014, 68: 479-488.
31	Hirt C W, Nichols B D. Volume of fluid (VOF) method for the dynamics of free boundaries[J]. Journal of Computational Physics, 1981, 39(1): 201-225.
32	Chen H X, Sun Y, Li L H, et al. Bubble dynamics and heat transfer performance on micro-pillars structured surfaces with various Pillars heights[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2020, 163: 120502.

[1]	宋嘉豪, 王文. 斯特林发动机与高温热管耦合运行特性研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 287-294.
[2]	张思雨, 殷勇高, 贾鹏琦, 叶威. 双U型地埋管群跨季节蓄热特性研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 295-301.
[3]	叶展羽, 山訸, 徐震原. 用于太阳能蒸发的折纸式蒸发器性能仿真[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 132-140.
[4]	张义飞, 刘舫辰, 张双星, 杜文静. 超临界二氧化碳用印刷电路板式换热器性能分析[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 183-190.
[5]	王志国, 薛孟, 董芋双, 张田震, 秦晓凯, 韩强. 基于裂隙粗糙性表征方法的地热岩体热流耦合数值模拟与分析[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 223-234.
[6]	何松, 刘乔迈, 谢广烁, 王斯民, 肖娟. 高浓度水煤浆管道气膜减阻两相流模拟及代理辅助优化[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(9): 3766-3774.
[7]	邢雷, 苗春雨, 蒋明虎, 赵立新, 李新亚. 井下微型气液旋流分离器优化设计与性能分析[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(8): 3394-3406.
[8]	韩晨, 司徒友珉, 朱斌, 许建良, 郭晓镭, 刘海峰. 协同处理废液的多喷嘴粉煤气化炉内反应流动研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(8): 3266-3278.
[9]	程小松, 殷勇高, 车春文. 不同工质在溶液除湿真空再生系统中的性能对比[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(8): 3494-3501.
[10]	刘文竹, 云和明, 王宝雪, 胡明哲, 仲崇龙. 基于场协同和耗散的微通道拓扑优化研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(8): 3329-3341.
[11]	洪瑞, 袁宝强, 杜文静. 垂直上升管内超临界二氧化碳传热恶化机理分析[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(8): 3309-3319.
[12]	黄可欣, 李彤, 李桉琦, 林梅. 加装旋转叶轮T型通道流场的模态分解[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(7): 2848-2857.
[13]	史方哲, 甘云华. 超薄热管启动特性和传热性能数值模拟[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(7): 2814-2823.
[14]	于源, 陈薇薇, 付俊杰, 刘家祥, 焦志伟. 几何相似涡流空气分级机环形区流场变化规律研究及预测[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(6): 2363-2373.
[15]	张媛媛, 曲江源, 苏欣欣, 杨静, 张锴. 循环流化床燃煤机组SNCR脱硝过程气液传质和反应特性[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(6): 2404-2415.