产电细胞的合成生物学设计构建

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20201100

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以产电微生物为核心的微生物电催化系统在能源、环境等诸多领域有着广泛的应用，然而自然环境中野生型产电微生物可利用底物谱窄、底物摄取代谢强度弱，胞内电子池容量小、还原力再生效率差，胞外电子传递速率慢、电子通量小，这已成为限制其工业化应用的主要瓶颈。本文基于产电微生物介导的化学能到电能的能量转化路径，总结阐明了产电微生物的胞内电子生成过程与胞外电子传递机制，系统综述了近五年国内外利用合成生物学增强产电微生物底物摄取利用、强化胞内电子生成、加速胞外电子传递方面的研究进展，并对未来设计构建高效产电细胞研究进行了展望。

关键词: 生物催化, 生物能源, 合成生物学, 胞外电子传递, 产电细胞

Abstract:

Bioelectrocatalysis systems are widely used in a wide range of applications. However, industrial applications of exoelectrogens remain elusive because of narrow available substrate spectrum, weak of ingested and metabolic intensity, poor capacity of intracellular electron, low regeneration efficiency of electron, and small electron flux. This review summarizes the mechanisms of intracellular electron generation and extracellular electron transfer of exoelectrogens based on the metabolic and electron transfer pathway of conversing chemical energy to electrical energy, and then systematically reviews the recent research on enhancing substrate intake, strengthening intracellular electron generation and accelerating extracellular electron transform in exoelectrogens with synthetic biology strategy in last five year. And the future design and construction of high-efficiency electricity-producing cells are prospected.

Key words: biocatalysis, bioenergy, synthetic biology, extracellular electron transfer, exoelectrogens

中图分类号:

Q 819

赵贞尧, 张保财, 李锋, 宋浩. 产电细胞的合成生物学设计构建[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(1): 468-482.

ZHAO Zhenyao, ZHANG Baocai, LI Feng, SONG Hao. Design and construction of exoelectrogens by synthetic biology[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(1): 468-482.

图/表 6

图1 产电细胞电子生成和传递

Fig.1 Electron generation and transfer of exoelectrogens

图2 产电菌的底物摄取范围拓宽(a) 构建代谢木糖产电的工程希瓦氏菌[47]; (b)构建希瓦氏菌-肺炎克雷伯氏菌合成菌群产电[55]; (c)构建酿酒酵母菌-希瓦氏菌合成菌群产电[56]; (d)构建蓝藻-希瓦氏菌合成菌群产电[57]

Fig.2 Extension of substrate scope of electrogenic bacteria(a) construction of S. oneidensis for metabolizing xylose[47]; (b) synthetic Klebsiella pneumoniae-Shewanella oneidensis consortium for power generation[55]; (c) synthetic S. cerevisiae -S. oneidensis consortium for power generation[56]; (d) synthetic S. cyanobacteria-S. oneidensis consortium for power generation[57]

图3 产电菌胞内电子生成和传递的强化(a)敲除ldhA以扩充大肠杆菌可释放电子池[58]; (b) 敲除arcA以扩充大肠杆菌可释放电子池[59]; (c)模块化强化NADH再生路径以强化希瓦氏菌胞内还原力再生[60]; (d)改造希瓦氏菌从头合成NAD+以强化希瓦氏菌胞内还原力再生[61]

Fig.3 Generation and transform of intracellular electronics in electrogenic bacteria(a) knockdown ldhA in E. coli for augmenting intracellular electron pool[58]; (b) knockdown arcA in E. coli for augmenting intracellular electron pool[59]; (c) modular engineering regeneration pathway of NADH in S. oneidensis for intracellular reducing power regeneration[60]; (d) engineering de novo biosynthesis of NAD(H/+) in S. oneidensis for intracellular reducing power regeneration[61]

图4 强化导电元件提升电活性微生物产电能力(a)异源表达mtrCAB的大肠杆菌用于还原可溶性金属氧化物[68]; (b) 过表达cymA加强希瓦氏菌的胞外电子传递[70]; (c)共表达mtrC-mtrA-mtrB和ribD-ribC-ribBA-ribE增强希瓦氏菌的胞外电子传递[72]

Fig.4 Strengthen the conductive components for enhanceing the electricity generation capacity of electroactive microorganisms(a) overexpressing mtrCAB in E.coli for reducing soluble metal oxide[68]; (b) overexpressing cymA in S. oneidensis for enhancing extracellular electron transfer[70]; (c) coexpression of mtrC-mtrA-mtrB and ribD-ribC-ribBA-ribE in S. oneidensis for enhanceing extracellular electron transfer[72]

图5 强化导电生物膜提升微生物电活性(a) 构建近红外光响应性大肠杆菌生物膜系统催化吲哚转化为色氨酸[80]; (b)在 MFC中构建基于近红外光响应的c-di-GMP逻辑门[81]

Fig.5 Strengthen the conductive biofilm to improve the electrical activity of microorganisms(a) construction of NIR-light-responsive E. coli biofilm system for catalyzing indole into tryptophan[80]; (b) construction of NIR light responsive c-di-GMP logic gate in MFC[81]

图6 强化电子传递载体提升电活性微生物产电能力(a) 构建黄素生物合成途径以强化希瓦氏菌胞外电子传递[89]; (b) 构建核黄素-自组装三维rGO杂化生物膜以强化MFC的电流输出能力[90]

Fig.6 Strengthen the electron shuttle for enhancing the electrical activity of microorganisms(a) construction of a synthetic flavin biosynthesis pathway in S. oneidensis for enhancing extracellular electron transfer[89]; (b) construction of flavins-self-assembled three-dimensional (3D) rGO biohybrid biofilm for enhancing power generation of MFC[90]

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