温度与压力对单孔气泡形成过程的影响

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20190145

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

温度压力对进气管孔口气泡的生成具有重要影响。以氮气-水、氦气-水、氮气-十四烷为研究体系，采用高速摄像法，观察了恒速流下孔口气泡的形成过程，考察了孔口气速（0~1500 cm/s）、温度(293~393 K)、压力（0~6 MPa）、孔径（1.12, 2.5 mm）、气体类型（N₂、He）对气泡生长过程的影响。实验表明：随着压力增加，气泡直径减小，纵横比增加；温度升高一方面导致黏度、密度和表面张力降低，使气泡直径减小，另一方面加剧了液体汽化，使得气泡直径增大。根据实验结果修正了Gaddis提出的气泡直径模型，引入饱和蒸气压贡献项，得出新的适用于高温高压条件下气泡直径的估算式。

关键词: 气泡, 汽化, 温度, 压力, 饱和蒸气压, 气液两相流

Abstract:

The effects of high temperature and pressure on bubble formation under constant flow conditions in N₂-H₂O, He-H₂O and N₂-tetradecane were experimentally investigated. The experiment conditions covered orifice velocity from about 0 up to 1500 cm/s, temperature from 293 K up to 393 K, pressure from 0 up to 6 MPa, orifice diameter 1.12 mm up to 2.5 mm. The experiments were carried out in a stainless steel bubble column of 50 mm I.D with three pairs of high strength quartz windows. The bubble flow was visualized and recorded through high speed camera. The results show that bubble diameter decreases and aspect ratio increases with increase of pressure. The effect of temperature is complicated owing to the change of saturated vapor pressure, ratio to system pressure. When the ratio is larger, bubble diameter increases with temperature due to vaporization phenomenon. When the ratio is smaller, bubble diameter decreases with temperature. According to the experimental results, the bubble diameter model proposed by Gaddis was modified, and the saturated vapor pressure contribution was introduced to obtain a new estimation formula for the bubble diameter under high temperature and high pressure conditions.

Key words: bubble, vaporization, temperature, pressure, saturated vapor pressure, gas-liquid flow

中图分类号:

TQ 021.1

田震, 成有为, 王丽军, 李希. 温度与压力对单孔气泡形成过程的影响[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70(9): 3337-3345.

Zhen TIAN, Youwei CHENG, Lijun WANG, Xi LI. Effect of temperature and pressure on formation process of single-hole bubbles[J]. CIESC Journal, 2019, 70(9): 3337-3345.

图/表 13

图1 实验装置

Fig.1 Sketch of experimental apparatuses

图2 孔口气泡图片

Fig.2 Photo of bubble at orifice

图3 压力在不同孔口气速下对气泡直径及脱离时间的影响

Fig.3 Effect of pressure on bubble diameter and detachment interval at constant orifice velocity

图4 氮气-水体系不同孔径与压力下气泡生成模式

Fig.4 Bubble generation at different orifice diameter and pressure of N2-H2O system

图5 孔径1.12 mm、293 K下氮气体系不同压力下气泡生成形状

Fig.5 Bubble shape with grown time under influence of pressure at orifice diameter of 1.12 mm, 293 K

图6 不同压力下气泡纵横比随时间的变化（N2, T=293 K, d o=1.12 mm）

Fig.6 Bubble aspect ratio varying with time under effect of pressure

图7 气泡直径与气泡脱离时间间隔随温度的变化

Fig.7 Effect of temperature on bubble diameter and detachment interval

图8 不同压力与孔口气速下气泡形状随温度的变化

Fig.8 Bubble shape at different pressure and orifice velocity with temperature

图9 氮气-十四烷体系温度对气泡直径的影响（P= 0, do=1.12 mm）

Fig.9 Effect of temperature on bubble diameter inN2-tetradecane system(P=0, d o=1.12 mm)

图10 进口干气气速与总气速对比

Fig.10 Comparison between dry gas velocity and total gas velocity

图11 不同孔径下气泡直径与气泡脱离时间随气速的变化

Fig.11 Bubble diameter and detachment interval with gas flow rate

图12 不同模型下气泡直径预测值与测量值比值

Fig.12 Comparison between measured and calculated value by different correlations

图13 气泡直径计算值与实验值的比较

Fig.13 Comparison of measured and predicted values for bubble size

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