基于遗传算法的干气密封双向槽统一模型与参数优化

doi:10.11949/j.issn.0438-1157.20181075

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过提出表征能力更强的新型结构模型和引入全局寻优能力更强的智能优化算法以提高双向旋转槽干气密封的稳态密封性能。在综合分析国内外干气密封典型双向旋转槽结构特点的基础上，提出一种动压槽倾角可变的双向旋转槽统一模型。建立双向旋转槽干气密封的几何模型和数学模型，采用有限差分法求解端面膜压控制方程，获得开启力和气膜刚度等稳态性能参数。分析了动压槽倾斜角对干气密封稳态性能的影响规律，对比分析了不同速度条件下单因素优化、迭代优化和遗传算法优化等三种优化方法对提高双向旋转槽干气密封稳态性能的作用。结果表明：相较于以往双向树形槽干气密封单因素优化的结果，基于遗传算法的统一模型槽干气密封获得的开启力和气膜刚度显著提高，最大增幅分别达到6%和55%；在高速条件下，上游动压槽螺旋角为锐角，下游动压槽螺旋角为钝角的似机翼形双向旋转槽干气密封具有最大的开启力和气膜刚度。

关键词: 干气密封, 双向旋转, 优化设计, 遗传算法, 稳定性

Abstract:

The steady-state performance of bi-directional groove dry gas seal can be enhanced by new proposed geometrical model with strong representational capability and new introduced optimization method with strong global search ability. On the basis of analyzing the structural characteristics of typical bi-directional grooves of dry gas seals, a new type of unified model of bi-directional groove with variable spiral angle of hydrodynamic groove was proposed. The geometrical model and mathematical model of dry gas seal with unified model groove were established. The gas film pressure control equations were resolved by use of finite difference method, and the steady-state performance, such as opening force and film stiffness, were obtained. The effect of spiral angle of upstream and downstream hydrodynamic groove on steady-state performance was analyzed, and effect of three typical optimization methods, including single factor optimization, iterative optimization and genetic algorithm optimization, on the enhancement of steady-state performance of bi-directional groove under different working conditions were compared numerically. The results show that compared with the single-factor optimization of the two-way tree-shaped groove dry gas seal, the opening force and film stiffness obtained by the unified model groove dry gas seal based on genetic algorithm are significantly improved, and the maximum increase is 6% and 55% respectively. The bi-directional groove shaped like an aircraft wing with upstream spiral angle equals to 0°—90° and downstream spiral angle equals to 90°—180° possesses the maximum opening force and film stiffness under high-speed condition.

Key words: dry gas seal, bi-directional rotating, optimal design, genetic algorithm, stability

中图分类号:

TH 117.2

徐奇超, 江锦波, 彭旭东, 李纪云, 王玉明. 基于遗传算法的干气密封双向槽统一模型与参数优化[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70(3): 995-1005.

Qichao XU, Jinbo JIANG, Xudong PENG, Jiyun LI, Yuming WANG. Unified model and geometrical optimization of bi-directional groove of dry gas seal based on genetic algorithm[J]. CIESC Journal, 2019, 70(3): 995-1005.

图/表 14

图1 典型干气密封双向旋转槽结构关联示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of typical bidirectional groove of dry gas seal

图2 双向旋转槽变倾角动压槽统一表征模型

Fig.2 Unified model of bi-directional groove with variable inclined angle of hydrodynamic groove

图3 不同动压槽倾斜角取值对应的双向旋转槽结构

Fig.3 Bi-directional groove surface with different values of β1 and β2

图4 单因素优化和迭代优化法的程序框图

Fig.4 Program chart of single factor optimization and iterative optimization

图5 遗传算法优化的程序框图

Fig.5 Program chart of genetic algorithm optimization

图6 动压槽倾斜角对稳态密封性能的影响

Fig.6 Effect of spiral angle of hydrodynamic groove on steady performance of dry gas seal

图7 不同条件下的槽宽比和槽长比优选值

Fig.7 Optimal groove width ratio and groove length ratio under different parameters

图8 不同动压槽倾斜角时的双向旋转槽无量纲膜压分布

Fig.8 Pressure distribution of bi-directional groove surface with different values of β1 and β2

图9 遗传代数对干气密封气膜刚度的影响

Fig.9 Effect of genetic algebra on film stiffness of dry gas seal

图10 双向旋转槽的优选形状随遗传代数演变规律

Fig.10 Evolution of optimized bi-directional groove with genetic algebra

图11 优化方法和结构模型对干气密封稳态性能的影响

Fig.11 Effect of optimization method and geometrical model on steady performance of bi-directional dry gas seal

图12 不同优化方法和结构模型下的无量纲膜压分布

Fig.12 Pressure distribution of optimized bi-directional groove with different optimization method and geometrical model

图13 不同工况条件下的双向槽干气密封稳态性能增量比

Fig.13 Increment ratio of steady performance of bi-directional groove dry gas seal under different working conditions

图14 不同工况条件下的双向槽最优结构

Fig.14 Optimized bi-directional groove under different working conditions

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