乙醇和正丁醇添加剂对喷雾冷却的影响

doi:10.11949/j.issn.0438-1157.20180755

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

喷雾冷却是高功率电子器件冷却领域最具有发展前景的散热方式。利用在去离子水中添加不同浓度低醇类（乙醇、正丁醇）添加剂以提升喷雾冷却换热性能的方法，搭建了喷雾冷却实验平台并就添加剂浓度对传热特性的影响进行了实验研究。实验结果表明在去离子水中加入乙醇和正丁醇，存在强化换热的最佳添加剂浓度。在还未达到最佳浓度值之前，添加剂浓度越高，喷雾冷却换热效果越好。乙醇的最佳浓度为4%，正丁醇的最佳浓度为0.5%。

关键词: 喷雾冷却, 乙醇, 正丁醇, 传热, 最佳浓度

Abstract:

Spray cooling is the most promising cooling method in the field of high-power electronic device cooling. Different concentrations of low alcohols (ethanol and n-butanol) were added into deionized water to improve the heat transfer performance of spray cooling. The experimental system was established and the effect of concentration on heat transfer characteristics was investigated. The results reveal that an optimal concentration exists by adding low-alcohol additives into deionized water. The performance of spray cooling is gradually enhanced with increasing concentration before the optimum concentration. The optimum concentration of ethanol is 4% and the optimum concentration of n-butanol is 0.5%.

Key words: spray cooling, ethanol, n-butanol, heat transfer, optimal concentration

中图分类号:

刘红, 何阳, 蔡畅, 高久良, 尹洪超. 乙醇和正丁醇添加剂对喷雾冷却的影响[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70(1): 65-71.

Hong LIU, Yang HE, Chang CAI, Jiuliang GAO, Hongchao YIN. Influence of ethanol and n-butanol additives on spray cooling[J]. CIESC Journal, 2019, 70(1): 65-71.

图/表 11

图1 喷雾冷却系统结构

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of spray cooling system

表1 喷雾冷却实验条件

Table 1 Experimental conditions of spray cooling

Spray characteristics	Numeric value
ambient temperature	30℃
coolant temperature	25℃
ambient pressure	0.1 MPa
nozzle pressure	0.3 MPa
spray cone angle	60°
spray height	32 mm
nozzle diameter	0.61 mm
volume flow rate	15.78 L/h

图2 加热块及热电偶布置

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of heater block and thermocouple positions

表2 主要实验设备的详细参数

Table 2 Detailed information of experimental devices

Components	Manufacturer	Type	Range
nozzle	Spraying Systems Co.	TG-0.5
data acquisition instrument	Agilent	34972A
DC power supply	Keysight Technology	N5769A	0—1500 W
flow meter	Asmik	LFT-MIK-2	2.1—90 L/h
thermocouple	Omega	GG-K-30	-200—800℃
pressure senor	Asmik	MIK-P300	0—0.6 MPa
pump	Taiwan Sanmiao Pump Co. Ltd.	SMI 5-6T	0—0.5 MPa

图3 不同浓度乙醇溶液的表面温度与热通量

Fig.3 Surface flux with different concentrations of ethanol additive

图4 不同浓度乙醇溶液的壁面温度与传热系数的关系

Fig.4 Heat transfer coefficient with different concentrations of ethanol additive

表3 不同温度下4% 乙醇-水和纯水的壁面热通量和传热系数比较

Table 3 Comparison of wall heat flux and heat transfer coefficient between 4% ethanol-water and water at different temperature

T_w/℃	q_w/(W/cm²)	q_e-w^①/(W/cm²)	ε/%	h_w/(W/(cm²·°C))	h_e-w/(W/(cm²·°C))	τ/%
77	78.4	107.3	36.9	1.38	2.05	48.5
98	110	166	50	1.52	2.26	48.7
120	278	371	33.5	3.04	4.02	32.2

图5 不同浓度正丁醇溶液的表面温度与

Fig.5 Surface heat flux with different concentrations of n-butanol additive

图6 不同浓度正丁醇溶液的表面温度与

Fig.6 Heat transfer coefficient with different concentrations of n-butanol additive

表4 不同温度下0.5% 正丁醇-水和纯水的壁面热通量和传热系数比较

Table 4 Comparison of wall heat flux and heat transfer coefficient between 0.5% n-butanol- water and water at different temperature

T_w/℃	q_w/(W/cm²)	q_n-w/(W/cm²)	ε/%	h_w/(W/(cm²·°C))	h_n-w/(W/(cm²·°C))	τ/%
83	82.0	105.0	23.0	1.41	1.83	29.7
103	124.3	162.9	31.1	1.62	2.1	29.6
120	278	367.9	32.3	3.04	3.94	29.6

表5 去离子水及醇类添加剂的物理性质(25℃)

Table 5 Physical properties of water and alcohol at 25℃

Property	Water	Ethanol	n-Butanol
c_p/(J/(kg·℃))	4184.45	2438.57	2400.36
h_fg/(kJ/kg)	2435.12	922.79	710.35
P_sat/Pa	3170.38	7927.72	820.42
μ/(mPa·s)	0.91	1.08	2.53
k/(W/(m·℃))	0.56	0.17	0.15
σ/(mN/m)	72.82	22.10	24.40

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