化工学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 70 ›› Issue (3): 1035-1041.doi: 10.11949/j.issn.0438-1157.20180662

• 表面与界面工程 • 上一篇    下一篇

铝电解槽干式防渗料在电解过程中的反应机理探讨

王耀武(),彭建平,狄跃忠,蒿鹏程   

  1. 东北大学冶金学院，辽宁 沈阳 110819
  • 收稿日期:2018-06-19 修回日期:2018-12-13 出版日期:2019-03-05 发布日期:2018-12-26
  • 通讯作者: 王耀武 E-mail:wangyw@smm.neu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:通信作者:王耀武（1980—），男，博士，副教授，<email>wangyw@smm.neu.edu.cn</email>
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1901905);国家自然科学基金项目(51434005);中央高校基本科研业务费项目(N162502002)

Mechanism of deterioration for dry barrier material in aluminum electrolysis cells

Yaowu WANG(),Jianping PENG,Yuezhong DI,Pengcheng HAO   

  1. School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, Liaoning, China
  • Received:2018-06-19 Revised:2018-12-13 Online:2019-03-05 Published:2018-12-26
  • Contact: Yaowu WANG E-mail:wangyw@smm.neu.edu.cn

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摘要：

通过对大修铝电解槽中废防渗料的成分和物相组成进行分析，探讨了干式防渗料与电解质的反应机理。研究结果表明，渗透电解质中的NaF和冰晶石均会与干式防渗料反应生成霞石(NaAlSiO4)玻璃体层，可起到防止电解质进一步向下渗透的作用。但随着渗透电解质的增加，冰晶石会继续与霞石反应生成β氧化铝，β氧化铝层不具有防渗作用，这是导致防渗料中电解质继续渗透的主要原因之一。渗透电解质与防渗料反应还可生成SiF4气体，使硅元素向防渗料下部迁移，导致废防渗料上层硅元素含量降低。

关键词: 干式防渗料, 铝电解槽, 化学反应, 相变, 氧化铝

Abstract:

A component analysis and an X-ray phase analysis of spent dry barrier material were used to reveal the mechanism of deterioration for dry barrier material in aluminum electrolysis cells. The results show that both NaF and cryolite in the osmotic electrolyte react with the dry anti-seepage material to form a glass matrix of nepheline (NaAlSiO4), which can prevent the electrolyte from further penetrating downward. The Na3AlF6 continuously penetrating from the carbon cathode can react with the nephelite to form β-Al2O3, and the formation of β-Al2O3 is one major cause for deterioration of dry barrier materials. It can also produce SiF4 gas in the process of electrolyte reacts with dry barrier, which makes the silicon migrate to the lower part and results in the decrease of silicon in the upper layer.

Key words: dry barrier, aluminum electrolytic cells, chemical reaction, phase change, alumina

中图分类号: 

  • TF 803.21

图1

铝电解槽废防渗料的XRD谱图"

表1

干式防渗料原料及废防渗料的平均成分"

Element Dry barrier/%(mass) Spent dry barrier/%(mass)
Al 18.49 16.6
Si 25.02 12.36
Na 0.10 23.55
F 0 8.00
Ca 1.14 1.98
Fe 2.40 3.59
K 2.05 1.36

图2

废防渗料的照片"

图3

防渗料上层黄色物质的XRD谱图"

图4

各层防渗料的XRD谱图"

表2

不同层的废防渗料的成分"

Sample number Element content/%(mass)
Al Si Na F Ca TFe K
dry barrier 18.49 25.02 0.10 0.00 1.14 2.40 2.05
1 22.78 3.66 21.07 18.00 2.37 0.60 0.37
2 21.18 6.82 22.51 19.28 2.46 1.66 0.25
3 13.14 21.52 16.91 1.89 1.40 2.04 1.07
4 12.98 21.06 16.27 0.72 1.16 2.96 1.23
5 15.46 27.15 2.32 0.085 1.20 2.48 1.35

图5

NaF-AlF3二元相图"

图6

废防渗料上层的面扫描图"

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