化工学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 70 ›› Issue (1): 107-115.DOI: 10.11949/j.issn.0438-1157.20180307

• 流体力学与传递现象 • 上一篇    下一篇

高温区大冷量脉管制冷机优化设计与实验特性

邓伟峰(),蒋珍华,刘少帅,张安阔,吴亦农()   

  1. 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所,上海 200083
  • 收稿日期:2018-03-22 修回日期:2018-10-08 出版日期:2019-01-05 发布日期:2019-01-05
  • 通讯作者: 吴亦农
  • 作者简介:邓伟峰(1987—),男,博士,助理研究员,<email>dwf@mail.sitp.ac.cn</email>|吴亦农(1968—),男,研究员,<email>wyn@mail.sitp.ac.cn</email>
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(51741610)

Optimization design and experimental properties of high-temperature and high-capacity pulse tube cooler

Weifeng DENG(),Zhenhua JIANG,Shaoshuai LIU,Ankuo ZHANG,Yinong WU()   

  1. Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
  • Received:2018-03-22 Revised:2018-10-08 Online:2019-01-05 Published:2019-01-05
  • Contact: Yinong WU

摘要:

设计了一台名义制冷量为50 W/170 K的大冷量脉管制冷机,采用对置活塞式动磁线性压缩机驱动,冷指的蓄冷器和脉管部件为同轴布置,采用惯性管-气库组合的被动调相机构。根据电磁-机械-声耦合场原理,建立了脉管制冷机动力学模型,对负载下的压缩机特性进行了动态仿真。为达到整机的谐振状态,对压缩机质量-弹簧系统进行了调整。整机质量(不含电控部分)小于12 kg。在230 W输入电功下,能够获得50 W/170 K的制冷性能,电机效率92.7%,整机比卡诺效率16.5%。150~200 K温区范围内制冷机比功(输入电功/制冷量)小于5 W/W,额定输入功下,200 K温区能够获得90 W的最大制冷量,该制冷机可以用于航天大型红外焦平面阵列的冷却,同时为-60~-20℃制冷温区的商业低温冰箱低温冷源的选择提供了参考。

关键词: 高温区, 大冷量, 脉管制冷机, 线性压缩机, 动力学模型, 动态仿真, 优化设计

Abstract:

A high-capacity pulse tube cooler (PTC) with nominal cooling of 50 W/170 K is presented in this paper. It is driven by an opposed-piston dynamic magnetic linear compressor. The regenerator and pulse tube are arranged in coaxial. The inertance tube and reservoir are used as passive phase shifter of the PTC. Based on the principle of electrical-mechanical-acoustic coupling field, a dynamic model of the PTC is proposed and transient simulation was conducted on the characteristics of the compressor under load. The mass-spring system of the compressor is improved to make the PTC resonant. The mass of the PTC is less than 12 kg without electric control equipment. A performance of 50 W/170 K is achieved with 230 W electrical power while the motor efficiency and related Carnot efficiency are 92.7% and 16.5% respectively. The specific power (electrical power/cooling power) is less than 5 W/W at the temperature range of 150—200 K. Under the rated input power, the maximum cooling power reaches 90 W@200 K. The PTC can be used for space to cool down giant Infrared Focal Plane Array (IRFPA) and provide an alternative to domestic refrigerator as cold source at the temperature range of -60—-20℃ as well.

Key words: high-temperature, high-capacity, pulse tube cooler, linear compressor, dynamic model, transient simulation, optimization design

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